The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
RAP: An end-to-end rate-based congestion control mechanism for realtime streams in the Internet
Abstract
End-to-end congestion control mechanisms have been critical to the robustness and stability of the Internet. Most of today's Internet traffic is TCP, and we expect this to remain so in the future. Thus, having "TCP-friendly" behavior is crucial for new applications. However, the emergence of non-congestion-controlled realtime applications threatens unfairness to competing TCP traffic and possible congestion collapse. We present an end-to-end TCP-friendly rate adaptation protocol (RAP), which employs an additive-increase, multiplicative-decrease (AIMD) algorithm. It is well suited for unicast playback of realtime streams and other semi-reliable rate-based applications. Its primary goal is to be fair and TCP-friendly while separating network congestion control from application-level reliability. We evaluate RAP through extensive simulation, and conclude that bandwidth is usually evenly shared between TCP and RAP traffic. Unfairness to TCP traffic is directly determined by how TCP diverges from the AIMD algorithm. Basic RAP behaves in a TCP-friendly fashion in a wide range of likely conditions, but we also devised a fine-grain rate adaptation mechanism to extend this range further. Finally, we show that deploying RED queue management can result in an ideal fairness between TCP and RAP traffic.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Random early detection gateways for congestion avoidance
Floyd, S., & Jacobson, V. (1993) · IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking · doi:10.1109/90.251892 · Cited by 6,290
Congestion avoidance and control
Jacobson, V. (1995) · ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review · doi:10.1145/205447.205462 · Cited by 5,301
Congestion avoidance and control
Jacobson, V. (1988) · Symposium proceedings on Communications architectures and protocols · doi:10.1145/52324.52356 · Cited by 2,479
Modeling TCP throughput: a simple model and its empirical validation
Padhye, J., Firoiu, V., Towsley, D., & Kurose, J. (1998) · Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '98 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication · doi:10.1145/285237.285291 · Cited by 2,106
Analysis of the increase and decrease algorithms for congestion avoidance in computer networks
Chiu, D.-M., & Jain, R. (1989) · Computer Networks and ISDN Systems · doi:10.1016/0169-7552(89)90019-6 · Cited by 1,902
Promoting the use of end-to-end congestion control in the Internet
Floyd, S., & Fall, K. (1999) · IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking · doi:10.1109/90.793002 · Cited by 1,646
The macroscopic behavior of the TCP congestion avoidance algorithm
Mathis, M., Semke, J., Mahdavi, J., & Ott, T. (1997) · ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review · doi:10.1145/263932.264023 · Cited by 1,495
Simulation-based comparisons of Tahoe, Reno and SACK TCP
Fall, K., & Floyd, S. (1996) · ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review · doi:10.1145/235160.235162 · Cited by 1,148
Modeling TCP throughput: a simple model and its empirical validation
Padhye, J., Firoiu, V., Towsley, D., & Kurose, J. (1998) · ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review · doi:10.1145/285243.285291 · Cited by 716
Connections with multiple congested gateways in packet-switched networks part 1: one-way traffic
Floyd, S. (1991) · ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review · doi:10.1145/122431.122434 · Cited by 382
Cited by
Equation-based congestion control for unicast applications
Floyd, S., Handley, M., Padhye, J., & Widmer, J. (2000) · Proceedings of the conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication · doi:10.1145/347059.347397 · Cited by 587
Self-citationATL: An Adaptive Transport Layer Suite for Next-Generation Wireless Internet
Akan, O. B., & Akyildiz, I. F. (2004) · IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications · doi:10.1109/jsac.2004.826919 · Cited by 75
Metadata
- Authors
- Rejaie, R., Handley, M., & Estrin, D.
- Venue
- IEEE INFOCOM '99. Conference on Computer Communications. Proceedings. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. The Future is Now (Cat. No.99CH36320)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 1999
- Pages
- 1337-1345 vol.3
- OpenAlex
- W1995173604
- Cited by
- 710
- References
- 14
- FWCI
- 44.19
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: RAP: An end-to-end rate-based congestion control mechanism for realtime streams in the Internet. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/infcom.1999.752152
- The paper
- Rejaie, R., Handley, M., & Estrin, D. (1999). RAP: An end-to-end rate-based congestion control mechanism for realtime streams in the Internet. IEEE INFOCOM '99. Conference on Computer Communications. Proceedings. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. The Future is Now (Cat. No.99CH36320). https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.1999.752152
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
