The DOI matches its Crossref record; 170 of the 175 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Privacy in Internet of Things: From Principles to Technologies
Open accessAbstract
Ubiquitous deployment of low-cost smart devices and widespread use of high-speed wireless networks have led to the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT embraces countless physical objects that have not been involved in the traditional Internet and enables their interaction and cooperation to provide a wide range of IoT applications. Many services in the IoT may require a comprehensive understanding and analysis of data collected through a large number of physical devices that challenges both personal information privacy and the development of IoT. Information privacy in IoT is a broad and complex concept as its understanding and perception differ among individuals and its enforcement requires efforts from both legislation as well as technologies. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art principles of privacy laws, the architectures for IoT and the representative privacy enhancing technologies (PETs). We analyze how legal principles can be supported through a careful implementation of PETs at various layers of a layered IoT architecture model to meet the privacy requirements of the individuals interacting with IoT systems. We demonstrate how privacy legislation maps to privacy principles which in turn drives the design of necessary PETs to be employed in the IoT architecture stack.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The personal information protection law is not specific and systematic, and the legal constraints are loose [114].”
From A Survey of IoT Privacy Security: Architecture, Technology, Challenges, and Trends (2024) · cites this paper as [114]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Internet of Things: A survey
Atzori, L., Iera, A., & Morabito, G. (2010) · Computer Networks · doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2010.05.010 · Cited by 15,613
Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions
Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., & Palaniswami, M. (2013) · Future Generation Computer Systems · doi:10.1016/j.future.2013.01.010 · Cited by 12,293
k-ANONYMITY: A MODEL FOR PROTECTING PRIVACY
SWEENEY, L. (2002) · International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1142/s0218488502001648 · Cited by 8,571
Calibrating Noise to Sensitivity in Private Data Analysis
Dwork, C., McSherry, F., Nissim, K., & Smith, A. (2006) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/11681878_14 · Cited by 7,272
Public-Key Cryptosystems Based on Composite Degree Residuosity Classes
Paillier, P. (2007) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/3-540-48910-x_16 · Cited by 7,250
Fully homomorphic encryption using ideal lattices
Gentry, C. (2009) · Proceedings of the forty-first annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing · doi:10.1145/1536414.1536440 · Cited by 6,806
Fog computing and its role in the internet of things
Bonomi, F., Milito, R., Zhu, J., & Addepalli, S. (2012) · Proceedings of the first edition of the MCC workshop on Mobile cloud computing · doi:10.1145/2342509.2342513 · Cited by 6,244
The Algorithmic Foundations of Differential Privacy
Dwork, C., & Roth, A. (2014) · Foundations and Trends® in Theoretical Computer Science · doi:10.1561/0400000042 · Cited by 5,557
Attribute-based encryption for fine-grained access control of encrypted data
Goyal, V., Pandey, O., Sahai, A., & Waters, B. R. (2006) · ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS) · doi:10.1145/1180405.1180418 · Cited by 5,149
Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption
Bethencourt, J., Sahai, A., & Waters, B. (2007) · 2007 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP '07) · doi:10.1109/sp.2007.11 · Cited by 5,131
Flagged first, then by citations
5 of the 175 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 34
- 2018, Google Goggle Fit
- 2018, OpenHAB
- 2018, Alljoyn
- 0, Final Report - RFID and the Inclusive Model for the Internet of Things
- 2013, OneM2M Requirements Technical Specification
- minerva, 2015, Towards a definition of the Internet of Things (IoT), The Internet-II initiative, 1
- 2018, Privacy Shield
- 2018, GDPR Key Changes
- 2018, Principles of Privacy in the University
- 2018, Privacy Policy Guidance Memorandum
- 2018, Guidelines on the Protection of Personal Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data
- 2018, SAFE HARBOR
- 2016, Bluetooth core specification v5 0
- 2018, Wi-Fi HaLow
- cranor, 2002, A P3P Preference Exchange Language 1 0 (APPEL1 0)
- 2017, Tor Network Status
- 2016, Industrial Internet of Things Volume G4 Security Framework
- 2014, DDSI-RTPS
- 2015, Visual tool for wiring internet of things nodered
- 2015, IMT Vision–Framework and Overall Objectives of the Future Development of IMT for 2020 and Beyond
- 2018, Xively
- 2017, 8 4 Billion Connected ’Things’ Will be in use in 2017 up 31 Percent From 2016
- 2006, ZigBee specification
- 2018, Blackmirror
- 2013, IEEE Internet of Things Survey Provides Clarity Around Definition Future Uses and Challenges
- leander, 2007, New lightweight DES variants suited for RFID applications, Proc FSE, 4593, 196
- 2018, Threads
- 2018, IPSO Alliance
- gauravaram, 2009, Grøstl-a SHA-3 candidate, Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 1
- 2008, Rs08ka
- 10.2307/1321160 · DOI
- 1973, Records Computer and the Rights of Citizens Report of the Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Automated Personal Data Systems
- biryukov, 2015, Lightweight Cryptography Lounge
- xu, 2013, A personalized k-anonymity privacy preserving method, J Inf Comput Sci, 10, 139
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–130 of 130
Empowering Web 3.0: Data Privacy Solutions for the Internet of Things
Hagan, C., & Idriss, T. A. (2023) · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, and Internet of Things (AIBThings) · doi:10.1109/aibthings58340.2023.10292479 · Cited by 2
Strengthening Data Privacy Laws in the Age of IoT
Gutta, C. (2024) · Interdisciplinary Studies in Society, Law, and Politics · doi:10.61838/kman.isslp.3.1.1 · Cited by 1
Protecting Privacy in IoT-Based Deep Learning: State-of-the-Art Methods and Challenges
Nocker, M., Merkle, F., Schöttle, P., & Janetschek, M. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-01799-4_10 · Cited by 1
PRIVACY AND SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS OF THE IOT: APPROACHING PRIVACY BY DESIGN
(2020) · Issues in Information Systems · doi:10.48009/2_iis_2020_57-63 · Cited by 1
CipherFlow: A Playground for Developing Privacy-Preserving IoT in Node-RED
Tanabodee, N., Suksomboon, K., Issariyapat, C., Mongkolluksamee, S., Niruntasukrat, A., Tansangworn, N., & Kitisin, S. (2022) · Asian Internet Engineering Conference · doi:10.1145/3570748.3570752 · Cited by 1
Will Products Liability Litigation Help Protect IoT Users from Cyber-Physical Attacks?
Fichtner, J. R., & Strader, T. J. (2022) · Journal of international technology and information management · doi:10.58729/1941-6679.1515 · Cited by 1
Zhi, W., Gong, X., & Wang, Y. (2023) · International Conference on Big Data, Information and Computer Network (BDICN) · doi:10.1109/bdicn58493.2023.00016 · Cited by 1
DMRA: Model Usability Detection Scheme Against Model-Reuse Attacks in the Internet of Things
Dong, Q., Zheng, X., Fu, A., Su, M., Zhou, L., & Yu, S. (2023) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3271223 · Cited by 1
Pal, K. (2021) · Advances in web technologies and engineering book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-6463-9.ch011 · Cited by 1
Blockchain With the Internet of Things
Pal, K. (2021) · Advances in information security, privacy, and ethics book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-5839-3.ch009 · Cited by 1
Blockchain-Enabled IoT Security in Automotive Supply Chain
Patwe, S., & Phansalkar, S. (2021) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-0666-3_48 · Cited by 1
Bajaj, L., Sharma, N., & Shambharkar, P. G. (2024) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119905202.ch10 · Cited by 1
Light Intensity Based IoT Device Positioning for Indoor Monitoring
Sun, G., Xing, X., Qian, Z., Wang, Z., & Zhu, S. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68851-6_21
An Examination of Security and Privacy Challenges in Internet of Things
Harbola, A., SHIVANI, S., Negi, D., & Joshi, A. (2020) · International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology · doi:10.35940/ijeat.d1001.0484s19
Pal, K. (2022) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-7132-6.ch030
Protection of Personal Data and Internet of Things Security
Charanarur, P., Gundu, S. R., & Vijaylaxmi, J. (2023) · Advances in information security, privacy, and ethics book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-6581-3.ch009
Managing Supply Chain Digitalization With Blockchain Technology
Pal, K. (2023) · Advances in logistics, operations, and management science book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-7455-6.ch007
Future Trend of Network Security
Liu, J., Bai, L., Jiang, C., & Zhang, W. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-1125-7_6 · Cited by 1
Enhancing Privacy Preservation in Speech Data Publishing
Zhang, G., Zhao, P., & Zhang, A. (2024) · Signals and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-58013-0_4
Improved OSN Privacy Preservation Approach using the Data Normalization Algorithm
Bodake, S. V., Sharma, P., & Kadam, S. U. (2024) · Asia Pacific Conference on Innovation in Technology (APCIT) · doi:10.1109/apcit62007.2024.10673622
Authenticated Key Exchange among IIoT Devices via Modified Blowfish with Optimal Key Generation
Kurni, M., Singh, C., & Geerthik, S. (2024) · Wireless Personal Communications · doi:10.1007/s11277-024-11536-y
Conceptual Framework for Designing Hippocratic APIs
Rezayat, S., Burmester, G., Ma, H., & Hartmann, S. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-75872-0_19
Yashwitha, S., & Sri, R. D. A. (2024) · i-manager s Journal on Information Technology · doi:10.26634/jit.13.3.21416
Análise Experimental de Técnicas de Hashing em Dispositivos IoT para Soluções de Segurança
Mosca, E. E. P., & Gomes, R. L. (2023) · Revista Eletrônica de Iniciação Científica em Computação · doi:10.5753/reic.2023.2305
Towards Privacy-Aware IoT Audit Framework: A Grounded Theory Approach
Diansyah, H. F., Nugraha, Y., & Aminanto, M. E. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Cryptography, Informatics, and Cybersecurity (ICoCICs) · doi:10.1109/icocics68032.2025.11384082
3D-VMSS: Distributed Trust and Visually Meaningful Secret Sharing for 3D Mesh Models
Gao, K., Xu, S., Chang, C.-C., & Chang, C.-C. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Multimedia · doi:10.1109/tmm.2026.3668681
Secure UAV-AV communications architecture in non-terrestrial networks: A review
Berini, A. D. E., Jamil, N., Benrazek, A., Nordin, R., Ibrahim, A. M., Awad, A. I., Shariq, M., Lakas, A., & Ferrag, M. A. (2026) · Vehicular Communications · doi:10.1016/j.vehcom.2026.101023
Arroyo, D., Chica, S. E. M., & Briongos, S. (2026) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-16995-2_32
Li, X., & Chu, S. (2026) · Security and Privacy · doi:10.1002/spy2.70229
Bilici, F. (2026) · Journal of Research in Business · doi:10.54452/jrb.1606049
Metadata
- Authors
- Li, C., & Palanisamy, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Internet of Things Journal
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 488-505
- ISSN
- 2327-4662 (ISSN-L)
- 2372-2541
- OpenAlex
- W2885623796
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 175
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 10
- FWCI
- 7.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Internet of Things Journal (publishedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
- Keywords
- Internet of Things, privacy, privacy-enhancing technologies, privacy law, privacy principles, IoT architecture, data privacy, data protection
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
