Estimating the Energy Use and Efficiency Potential of U.S. Data Centers
Open accessAbstract
Data centers are a significant and growing component of electricity demand in the United States. This paper presents a bottom-up model that can be used to estimate total data center electricity demand within a region as well as the potential electricity savings associated with energy efficiency improvements. The model is applied to estimate 2008 U.S. data center electricity demand and the technical potential for electricity savings associated with major measures for IT devices and infrastructure equipment. Results suggest that 2008 demand was approximately 69 billion kilowatt hours (1.8% of 2008 total U.S. electricity sales) and that it may be technically feasible to reduce this demand by up to 80% (to 13 billion kilowatt hours) through aggressive pursuit of energy efficiency measures. Measure-level savings estimates are provided, which shed light on the relative importance of different measures at the national level. Measures applied to servers are found to have the greatest contribution to potential savings.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
During 2008 the annual energy consumption of the data centers could have been reduced by 80%.
“Masanet et al. [80] found that during 2008 the annual energy consumption of the data centers could have been reduced by 80%,”
From An overview of Demand Response: Key-elements and international experience (2017) · cites this paper as [80]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Worldwide electricity used in data centers
Koomey, J. (2008) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/3/3/034008 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Energy and Climate Change Implications of Different Music Delivery Methods
Weber, C. L., Koomey, J., & Matthews, H. S. (2010) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2010.00269.x · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationExploring Environmental Applications and Benefits of Information and Communication Technology
Masanet, E. R., & Matthews, H. S. (2010) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2010.00285.x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationBanerjee, P., Patel, C. D., Bash, C. E., & Ranganathan, P. (2009) · ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC) · doi:10.1145/1629911.1630138 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Electronics and network energy use: Status and prospects
Bruce Nordman, B., & Lanzisera, S. (2011) · International Conference on Consumer Electronics · doi:10.1109/icce.2011.5722564 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 6 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- J. Koomey, Estimating Total Power Consumption by Servers in the U.S. and the World, Oakland, CA, Analytics Press, 2007.
- J. Koomey, Estimating Regional Power Consumption by Servers: A Technical Note, Oakland, CA: Analytics Press, 2007.
- A. Rouyer, Energy efficiency in data centers. Moving forward to face tomorrow's challenges. Proc. of the International Conference & Exhibition for Power Electronics Intelligent Motion Power Quality PCIM Europe, Nuremberg, Germany, 12-14 May 2009, 2009.
- S. Greenberg, E. Mills, W. Tschudi, P. Rumsey, and B. Myatt, Best Practices for Data Centers: Lessons Learned from Benchmarking 22 Data Centers, Proc. of the ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings. Asilomar, CA. August, 2006.
- K.G. Brill, Data Center Energy Efficiency and Productivity, white paper presented at the Uptime Institute 2007 Symposium: The Invisible Crisis in the Data Center, March 4-7, Orlando, Florida. 2007.
- Nordman, B., and S. Lanzisera. "Electronics, Networks, and Energy." IEEE Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), January, 2011.
- Koomey, Jonathan G., Christian Belady, Michael Patterson, Anthony Santos, and Klaus-Dieter Lange, Assessing trends over time in performance, costs, and energy use for servers. Oakland, California: Analytics Press.
- Masanet, E., Brown, R.E., Shehabi, A., Koomey, J.G., and B. Nordman (2011). "Estimating the Energy Use and Efficiency Potential of U.S. Data Centers." Proceedings of the IEEE. In press. DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2011.2155610
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Recalibrating global data center energy-use estimates
Masanet, E., Shehabi, A., Lei, N., Smith, S., & Koomey, J. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aba3758 · Cited by 1,545 · see citing works
Self-citationData Center Energy Consumption Modeling: A Survey
Dayarathna, M., Wen, Y., & Fan, R. (2016) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2015.2481183 · Cited by 1,165 · see citing works
United States Data Center Energy Usage Report
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), B., Shehabi, A., USDOE, Smith, S., Sartor, D., Brown, R., Herrlin, M., Koomey, J., Masanet, E., Horner, N., et al. (2016) · doi:10.2172/1372902 · Cited by 1,040 · see citing works
Self-citationAn overview of Demand Response: Key-elements and international experience
Paterakis, N. G., Erdinç, O., & Catalão, J. P. S. (2017) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.167 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
Data center growth in the United States: decoupling the demand for services from electricity use
Shehabi, A., Smith, S. J., Masanet, E. R., & Koomey, J. (2018) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aaec9c · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationDemand, Services and Social Aspects of Mitigation
(IPCC), I. P. O. C. C. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009157926.007 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Sources of data center energy estimates: A comprehensive review
Mytton, D., & Ashtine, M. (2022) · Joule · doi:10.1016/j.joule.2022.07.011 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Sustainable Cloud Data Centers: A survey of enabling techniques and technologies
Shuja, J., Gani, A., Shamshirband, S., Ahmad, R. W., & Bilal, K. (2016) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.034 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Data centres in future European energy systems—energy efficiency, integration and policy
Koronen, C., Åhman, M., & Nilsson, L. J. (2019) · Energy Efficiency · doi:10.1007/s12053-019-09833-8 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
A review on energy efficiency and demand response with focus on small and medium data centers
Vasques, T. L., Moura, P., & de Almeida, A. T. (2018) · Energy Efficiency · doi:10.1007/s12053-018-9753-2 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Conductive bridging random access memory—materials, devices and applications
Kozicki, M. N., & Barnaby, H. (2016) · Semiconductor Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/0268-1242/31/11/113001 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Xiao, T., Nerini, F. F., Matthews, H. D., Tavoni, M., & You, F. (2025) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-025-01681-y · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Shuja, J., Madani, S. A., Bilal, K., Khizar Hayat, A., Khan, S. U., & Sarwar, S. (2012) · Computing · doi:10.1007/s00607-012-0211-2 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Power Quality in DC Power Distribution Systems and Microgrids
Whaite, S. M., Grainger, B. M., & Kwasinski, A. (2015) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en8054378 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Technology and Applications of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Materials: Current State and Future Trends
Chaudhary, O. S., Denai, M. A., Refaat, S. S., & Pissanidis, G. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16186689 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Candan, E., Shenoy, P. S., & Pilawa-Podgurski, R. C. N. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2015.2464805 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Medium Voltage Soft-Switching DC/DC Converter With Series-Connected SiC MOSFETs
Lu, Z., Li, C., Zhu, A., Luo, H., Li, C., Li, W., & He, X. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2020.3007225 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Statistical analysis for predicting location-specific data center PUE and its improvement potential
Lei, N., & Masanet, E. R. (2020) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.117556 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationElectric Demand Response Management for Distributed Large-Scale Internet Data Centers
Chen, Z., Wu, L., & Li, Z. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid · doi:10.1109/tsg.2013.2267397 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
A survey on Green communications using Adaptive Link Rate
Bilal, K., Khan, S. U., Madani, S. A., Khizar Hayat, A., Khan, M. I., Min‐Allah, N., Kołodziej, J., Wang, L., Zeadally, S., & Chen, D. (2012) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-012-0225-8 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Characteristics of low-carbon data centres
Masanet, E. R., Shehabi, A., & Koomey, J. (2013) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate1786 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Energy Efficiency Potential of Cloud-Based Software: A U.S. Case Study
Masanet, E. R., Shehabi, A., Liang, J., Ramakrishnan, L., Ma, X., Hendrix, V., Walker, B., & Mantha, P. K. (2013) · doi:10.2172/1171159 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationData center energy efficient resource scheduling
Shuja, J., Bilal, K., Madani, S. A., & Khan, S. U. (2014) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-014-0365-0 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Wide bandgap semiconductor opportunities in power electronics
Armstrong, K., Das, S., & Cresko, J. (2016) · IEEE Workshop on Wide Bandgap Power Devices and Applications · doi:10.1109/wipda.2016.7799949 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Sustainable Energy Data Centres: A Holistic Conceptual Framework for Design and Operations
Murino, T., Monaco, R., Nielsen, P. S., Liu, X., Esposito, G., & Scognamiglio, C. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16155764 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Securing the Industrial-Tactile Internet of Things With Deterministic Silicon Photonics Switches
Szymanski, T. H. (2016) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2016.2613512 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
A Quantitative Survey of the Power Saving Potential in IP-Over-WDM Backbone Networks
Heddeghem, W. V., Lannoo, B., Colle, D., Pickavet, M., & Demeester, P. (2014) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2014.2364312 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Chandio, A. A., Bilal, K., Tziritas, N., Yu, Z., Jiang, Q., Khan, S. U., & Xu, C. (2014) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-014-0384-x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
A machine-learning digital-twin for rapid large-scale solar-thermal energy system design
Zohdi, T. I. (2023) · Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cma.2023.115991 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
A digital-twin and machine-learning framework for precise heat and energy management of data-centers
Zohdi, T. I. (2022) · Computational Mechanics · doi:10.1007/s00466-022-02152-3 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Distributed (green) data centers: A new concept for energy, computing, and telecommunications
Bird, S., Achuthan, A., Maatallah, O. A., Hu, W., Janoyan, K. D., Kwasinski, A., Matthews, J. N., Mayhew, D., Owen, J., & Marzocca, P. (2014) · Energy Sustainable Development/Energy for sustainable development · doi:10.1016/j.esd.2013.12.006 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Sevencan, S., Lindbergh, G., Lagergren, C., & Alvfors, P. (2015) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.11.012 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
A load control method for small data centers participating in demand response programs
Tang, C.-J., Dai, M.-R., Chuang, C.-C., Chiu, Y.-S., & Lin, W. S. (2013) · Future Generation Computer Systems · doi:10.1016/j.future.2013.07.020 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Araya, S., Wemhoff, A. P., Jones, G. F., & Fleischer, A. S. (2020) · Journal of Electronic Packaging · doi:10.1115/1.4047843 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Design of fuel cell powered data centers for sufficient reliability and availability
Ritchie, A. J., & Brouwer, J. (2018) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.02.059 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
An Ultra-Low-Latency Guaranteed-Rate Internet for Cloud Services
Szymanski, T. H. (2014) · IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking · doi:10.1109/tnet.2014.2358497 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Moon, I., Haken, C., Saathoff, E. K., Bian, E., Lei, Y., Qin, S., Chou, D., Sedig, S., Chung, W. H., & Pilawa-Podgurski, R. C. N. (2017) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition · doi:10.1109/apec.2017.7930674 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Robust Dynamic CPU Resource Provisioning in Virtualized Servers
Makridis, E., Deliparaschos, K. M., Kalyvianaki, E., Zolotas, A. C., & Charalambous, T. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Services Computing · doi:10.1109/tsc.2020.2966972 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Opportunities in Power Electronics
Das, S., Marlino, L. D., & Armstrong, K. (2018) · doi:10.2172/1415915 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Distributed Energy-Spectrum Trading in Green Cognitive Radio Cellular Networks
Yousefvand, M., Han, T., Ansari, N., & Khreishah, A. A. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking · doi:10.1109/tgcn.2017.2698260 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Candan, E., Shenoy, P. S., & Pilawa-Podgurski, R. C. N. (2014) · International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC) · doi:10.1109/intlec.2014.6972231 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Waste Heat Recovery in Data Centers Using Sorption Systems
Little, A. B., & Garimella, S. (2012) · Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications · doi:10.1115/1.4005813 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Comparing datasets of volume servers to illuminate their energy use in data centers
Fuchs, H., Shehabi, A., Ganeshalingam, M., Desroches, L., Lim, B. Y., Roth, K. W., & Tsao, A. (2019) · Energy Efficiency · doi:10.1007/s12053-019-09809-8 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationCalculating the Carbon Footprint of Streaming Media: Beyond the Myth of Efficiency
Makonin, S., Marks, L. U., Przedpełski, R., Rodriquez-Silva, A., & ElMallah, R. (2022) · Workshop on Computing within Limits (LIMITS) · doi:10.21428/bf6fb269.7625cc76 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Chip Temperature-Based Workload Allocation for Holistic Power Minimization in Air-Cooled Data Center
Bai, Y. F., & Gu, L. (2017) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en10122123 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A series-stacked power delivery architecture with hot-swapping for high-efficiency data centers
Candan, E., Heeger, D., Shenoy, P. S., & Pilawa-Podgurski, R. C. N. (2015) · IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) · doi:10.1109/ecce.2015.7309740 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A cyber‐physical management system for medium‐scale solar‐powered data centers
Dikaiakos, M. D., Chatzigeorgiou, N. G., Tryfonos, A., Andreou, A. S., Loulloudes, N., Pallis, G., & Georgiou, G. E. (2023) · Concurrency and Computation Practice and Experience · doi:10.1002/cpe.7658 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
GLOBAL DATA CENTER ENERGY DEMAND AND STRATEGIES TO CONSERVE ENERGY
Lei, N., & Masanet, E. R. (2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119597537.ch2 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationAn adaptive digital framework for energy management of complex multi-device systems
Zohdi, T. I. (2022) · Computational Mechanics · doi:10.1007/s00466-022-02212-8 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
A survey and critical analysis on energy generation from datacenter
Mandal, R., Mondal, M. K., Banerjee, S., Chakraborty, C., & Biswas, U. (2021) · Data Deduplication Approaches · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823395-5.00005-7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Jaiswal, N. K., & Ramakrishnan, V. N. (2022) · Semiconductor Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/1361-6641/ac6a02 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Long-term Energy Consumption Forecasting for Data Center Industry in China
Liu, W., Mao, H., Cao, Y., Tan, W., Ding, Z., & Wang, P. (2021) · IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2) · doi:10.1109/ei252483.2021.9713390 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Energy Efficient Resource Scheduling through VM Consolidation in Cloud Computing
Fayyaz, A., Khan, M. U. S., & Khan, S. U. (2015) · International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology (FIT) · doi:10.1109/fit.2015.8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Carbon footprint reduction in cloud computing: Best practices and emerging trends
Raza, M., Sakila, K. S., Sreekala, K. S., & Mohamad, A. (2024) · International Journal of Cloud Computing and Database Management · doi:10.33545/27075907.2024.v5.i1a.58 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Innovative server rack design with bottom located cooling unit
Gao, T., Kumar, E., Sahini, M., Ingalz, C., Heydari, A., Lu, W., & Sun, X. (2016) · I-THERM :/I-THERM - Intersociety Conference on Thermal Phenomena in Electronic Systems · doi:10.1109/itherm.2016.7517681 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A novel approach to the data center hybrid cooling design with containment
Fouladi, K., Schaadt, J. R. H., & Wemhoff, A. P. (2017) · Numerical Heat Transfer Part A Applications · doi:10.1080/10407782.2016.1277932 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Zhan, X., Li, R. Y. M., & Xia, J. (2025) · Politická ekonomie · doi:10.18267/j.polek.1488 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Power-efficiency study using SPECjEnterprise2010
Hitoshi Oi, A., & Niboshi, S. (2013) · IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon) · doi:10.1109/syscon.2013.6549977 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Efficient Strategies of VMs Scheduling Based on Physicals Resources and Temperature Thresholds
Dad, D., & Belalem, G. (2020) · International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing · doi:10.4018/ijcac.2020070105 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Odd One Out: Energy is Not Like Other Metrics
Anand, V., Xie, Z., Stolet, M., Viti, R. D., Davidson, T., Karimipour, R., Alzayat, S., & Mace, J. (2023) · ACM SIGEnergy Energy Informatics Review · doi:10.1145/3630614.3630627 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Impact of Future Trends on Exascale Grid and Cloud Computing
Szymanski, T. H. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07518-1_14 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Algorithms for Task Consolidation Problem in a Cloud Computing Environment
Kaur, A., Kaur, R. P., & Jain, P. (2013) · International Journal of Computer Applications · doi:10.5120/13099-0397 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Load dependent data center energy efficiency metric based on component models
Schlitt, D., & Nebel, W. H. (2012) · International Conference on Energy Aware Computing · doi:10.1109/iceac.2012.6471004 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Data Centers Carbon Emissions at Crossroads: An Empirical Study
Maji, D., Hanafy, W. A., Li, W., Irwin, D., Shenoy, P. J., & Sitaraman, R. K. (2025) · ACM SIGEnergy Energy Informatics Review · doi:10.1145/3757892.3757899 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Role of Carbon Capture and Storage in Decarbonizing U.S. Data Centers
Lau, H. C., & Tsai, S. C. (2026) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c01309 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A robust modeling framework for energy analysis of data centers
Lei, N. (2020) · International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S) · doi:10.1145/3401335.3401648 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Power Efficiency Study Using SPECjEnterprise2010
Hitoshi Oi, A., & Niboshi, S. (2015) · IEEE Systems Journal · doi:10.1109/jsyst.2015.2471798 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
GreenHop: Open source environmental monitoring for small and medium data centers
Camargo, D. S., Miers, C. C., Koslovski, G., & Pillon, M. A. (2016) · International Conference of the Chilean Computer Science Society (SCCC) · doi:10.1109/sccc.2016.7836064 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
SaaS for Energy Efficient Utilization of HPC Resources of Linear Algebra Calculations
Astsatryan, H. V., Narsisian, W., & Georges Da Costa, B. (2017) · Scalable Computing Practice and Experience · doi:10.12694/scpe.v18i2.1286 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Demonstration of an ultra-low latency energy efficient internet for cloud computing
Szymanski, T. H. (2014) · IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference · doi:10.1109/ccnc.2014.6994433 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Biofuel Energy, Ancestral Time and the Destruction of Borneo: An Ethical Perspective
Northcott, M. S. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108639439.017 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Guiding Cloud Developers to Build Energy Aware Applications
Ponsard, C., Deprez, J., & Michel, R. (2016) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30142-6_22 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Retail climate change mitigation: life-cycle emission and energy efficiency labels and standards
Horvath, A. (2012) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Comparison of the Energy Efficiency in Fat-Tree and B-Cube Based Data Center Network
Fikri, M. A., Rahmad, F., Saridewi, V. S., Harwahyu, R., & Sari, R. F. (2019) · International Conference on Informatics, Multimedia, Cyber and Information System (ICIMCIS) · doi:10.1109/icimcis48181.2019.8985207 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Enhancing Power Quality in Low-Inertia Grids Using NILM-Enabled Grid-Forming Inverters
Williams, D. O., Li, Z. S., Megahed, T. F., & Luo, X. (2025) · IEEE Conference on Prognostics and Health Management · doi:10.1109/icphm65385.2025.11061818 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Demand Response Control Strategies for On-campus Small Data Centers
Tang, C.-J., & Dai, M.-R. (2012) · Autonomic and Trusted Computing · doi:10.1109/uic-atc.2012.97 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Simulation-Based Assessment of Performance Indicator for Data Center Cooling Optimization
Petrongolo, J., Nemati, K., & Fouladi, K. (2020) · Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications · doi:10.1115/1.4045962 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Operation and control of data centers
Zhu, Y., & Yang, Y. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85622-5.00003-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
UPS system: how current and future technologies can improve energy efficiency in data centres
Milad, M. (2017) · Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Exploring Total Power Saving from High Temperature of Server Operations
Lai, L., Chang, C.-H., & Gupta, P. (2014) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Energy Efficient Resource Scheduling Methodologies for Cluster and Cloud Computing
Fayyaz, A. (2015) · NDSU Repository (North Dakota State University)
Energy Efficiency And Enhancement In Cognitive Radio Cellular Set-Up
(2019) · i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering · doi:10.26634/jele.9.2.15397
Scaling Clean Energy for Data Centres: Trends, Problems, Solutions
Ansar, A., Madrigal, D., & Collins, S. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108639439.015
On-line Assessment of Voltage Quality in Multi-Mode Operation of Double-conversion UPS
Giuntini, L. (2019) · European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications · doi:10.23919/epe.2019.8915542
Flow Disruptions and Mitigation in Virtualized Water-Cooled Data Centers
Puvvadi, U. L. N., Desu, A., Stachecki, T., Alkharabsheh, S. A., Ghose, K., & Sammakia, B. G. (2019) · IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN) · doi:10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972096
Purple: Combining Individual and Collective Action to Increase Online Sustainability
Walters, J., Nair, A., Mastronardi, P., Li, A., & Bai, X. (2025) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3706599.3720304
- Authors
- Masanet, E. R., Brown, R. E., Shehabi, A., Koomey, J. G., & Nordman, B.
- Affiliations
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Masanet, Eric R.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the IEEE
- Published
- 2011-08
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1440-1453
- ISSN
- 0018-9219 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-2256
- OpenAlex
- W2149306425
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 4.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- escholarship.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Proceedings of the IEEE (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (-AC02-05CH11231, 05CH11231, DE AC02 05CH11231, DE-AC02-)
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (DE-AC02-05CH11231)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Green IT and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Hardware and Architecture › Energy Efficiency in Computing
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cloud Computing and Resource Management
- Keywords
- data centers, data center energy consumption, electricity demand, energy efficiency potential, bottom-up energy model, energy savings measures
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
