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A Fully-Integrated 16-Element Phased-Array Receiver in SiGe BiCMOS for 60-GHz Communications
Abstract
A fully-integrated 16-element 60-GHz phased-array receiver is implemented in IBM 0.12-μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The receiver employs RF-path phase-shifting and is designed for multi-Gb/s non-line of sight links in the 60-GHz ISM band (IEEE 802.15.3c and 802.11ad). Each RF front-end includes variable-gain LNAs and phase shifters with each front-end capable of 360° variable phase shift (11.25° phase resolution) from 57 GHz to 66 GHz with coarse/fine gain steps. A detailed analysis of the noise trade-offs in the receiver array design is presented to motivate architectural choices. The hybrid active and passive signal-combining network in the receiver uses a differential cross-coupled Gysel power combiner that reduces combiner loss and area. Each array front-end has 6.8-dB noise figure (at 22°C ) and the array has -10 dB to 58 dB programmable gain from single-input to output. Sixteen 60-GHz aperture-coupled patch-antennas and the RX IC are packaged together in multi-layer organic and LTCC packages. The packaged RX IC is capable of operating in all four IEEE 802.15.3c channels (58.32 to 64.8 GHz). Beam-forming and beam-steering measurements show good performance with 50-ns beam switching time. 5.3-Gb/s OFDM 16-QAM and 4.5 Gb/s SC 16-QAM links are demonstrated using the packaged RX ICs. Both line-of-sight links (~7.8 m spacing) and non-line-of-sight links using reflections (~9 m total path length) have been demonstrated with better than -18 dB EVM. The 16-element receiver consumes 1.8 W and occupies 37.7 mm2of die area.
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Cited by
Millimeter wave communication: a comprehensive survey
Wang, X., Kong, L., Kong, F., Qiu, F., Xia, M., Arnon, S., & Chen, G. (2018) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2018.2844322 · Cited by 656
A Review of 5G Front-End Systems Package Integration
Watanabe, A. O., Ali, M., Sayeed, S. Y. B., Tummala, R. R., & Pulugurtha, M. R. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology · doi:10.1109/tcpmt.2020.3041412 · Cited by 253
Metadata
- Authors
- Natarajan, A., Reynolds, S. K., Tsai, M.-D., Nicolson, S. T., Zhan, J.-H. C., Kam, D. G., Liu, D., Huang, Y.-L. O., Valdes-Garcia, A., & Floyd, B. A.
- Venue
- IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1059-1075
- ISSN
- 0018-9200 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-173X
- OpenAlex
- W2112481448
- Cited by
- 419
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 27.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Fully-Integrated 16-Element Phased-Array Receiver in SiGe BiCMOS for 60-GHz Communications. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/jssc.2011.2118110
- The paper
- Natarajan, A., Reynolds, S. K., Tsai, M.-D., Nicolson, S. T., Zhan, J.-H. C., Kam, D. G., Liu, D., Huang, Y.-L. O., Valdes-Garcia, A., & Floyd, B. A. (2011). A Fully-Integrated 16-Element Phased-Array Receiver in SiGe BiCMOS for 60-GHz Communications. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits. https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2118110
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