The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
EuroSAT: A Novel Dataset and Deep Learning Benchmark for Land Use and Land Cover Classification
Abstract
In this paper, we present a patch-based land use and land cover classification approach using Sentinel-2 satellite images. The Sentinel-2 satellite images are openly and freely accessible, and are provided in the earth observation program Copernicus. We present a novel dataset, based on these images that covers 13 spectral bands and is comprised of ten classes with a total of 27 000 labeled and geo-referenced images. Benchmarks are provided for this novel dataset with its spectral bands using state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural networks. An overall classification accuracy of 98.57% was achieved with the proposed novel dataset. The resulting classification system opens a gate toward a number of earth observation applications. We demonstrate how this classification system can be used for detecting land use and land cover changes, and how it can assist in improving geographical maps. The geo-referenced dataset EuroSAT is made publicly available at https://github.com/phelber/eurosat.
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In the citing paper
“the authors of Helber et al. (2019) achieve very high accuracy on EUROSAT, i.e. 98.56% using solely the RGB channels as input to a ResNet50 model.”
From Benchmarking and scaling of deep learning models for land cover image classification (2023) · cites this paper as Helber et al. (2019)
In the citing paper
“Moreover, their experiments show that one can achieve very high accuracy >90% while using only one band making the multispectral information redundant.”
From Benchmarking and scaling of deep learning models for land cover image classification (2023) · cites this paper as Helber et al. (2019)
In the citing paper
“reaching performances on par with Helber et al. [35], where the authors reached a 98.57% of overall accuracy, by using a model based on the ResNet-50.”
From On Circuit-Based Hybrid Quantum Neural Networks for Remote Sensing Imagery Classification (2022) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“The experimental dataset under consideration is the”
From On Circuit-Based Hybrid Quantum Neural Networks for Remote Sensing Imagery Classification (2022) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“the architecture proposed in this article is extremely less complex than the one proposed in [35], since the ResNet-50 is composed of 50 layers, while the proposed one is composed of six layers only: five classical and one quantum.”
From On Circuit-Based Hybrid Quantum Neural Networks for Remote Sensing Imagery Classification (2022) · cites this paper as [35]
Citations
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Szegedy, C., Liu, W., Jia, Y., Sermanet, P., Reed, S., Anguelov, D., Erhan, D., Vanhoucke, V., & Rabinovich, A. (2015) · 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298594 · Cited by 48,562
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Russakovsky, O., Deng, J., Su, H., Krause, J., Satheesh, S., Ma, S., Huang, Z., Karpathy, A., Khosla, A., Bernstein, M., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-015-0816-y · Cited by 39,380
Rethinking the Inception Architecture for Computer Vision
Szegedy, C., Vanhoucke, V., Ioffe, S., Shlens, J., & Wojna, Z. (2016) · 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.308 · Cited by 32,138
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- bischke, 0, The multimedia satellite task: Emergency response for flooding events, Proc MediaEval
Cited by
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TCFF-Adapter: Text-Driven Adaption of CLIP for Few-Shot Image Classification
Du, G., Wang, H., Xu, X., Yan, Y., & Li, X. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology · doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3602826 · Cited by 3
MSP: Multimodal Self-Attention Prompt Learning
Lai, X., Ke, X., Xu, H., Wu, S., & Guo, W. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2025.3607613 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Helber, P., Bischke, B., Dengel, A., & Borth, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Kaiserslautern (DE)
- University of St.Gallen (CH)
- Venue
- IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
- Published
- 2019-07
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2217-2226
- ISSN
- 1939-1404 (ISSN-L)
- 2151-1535
- OpenAlex
- W2964194231
- Cited by
- 1,951
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 430 · 2025: 505 · 2024: 352 · 2023: 257 · 2022: 167 · 2021: 140 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 19
- FWCI
- 67.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing (publishedVersion)
- Alexandria (UniSG) (University of St.Gallen) (acceptedVersion)
- Alexandria (UniSG) (University of St.Gallen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- BMBF Project DeFuseNN (01IW17002)
- Nvidia (xxx)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Remote-Sensing Image Classification
- Social Sciences › Geography, Planning and Development › Remote Sensing and Land Use
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Keywords
- land use and land cover classification, EuroSAT dataset, Sentinel-2, satellite imagery, deep learning benchmark, convolutional neural networks, patch-based classification, geo-referenced images, Copernicus
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