Silicon-Germanium Avalanche Receivers With fJ/bit Energy Consumption
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Fast, low-noise and sensitive avalanche photo-receivers are needed for surging short-reach photonic applications. Limitations concerning bandwidth, throughput and energy consumption should be overcome. In this work, we comprehensively study the performance opportunities provided by avalanche p-i-n photodetectors with lateral silicon-germanium-silicon heterojunctions. Our aim is to circumvent the need for chip-bonded electronic amplifiers. In particular, we demonstrate that avalanche photodetectors based on silicon-germanium-silicon heterostructures yield reliable opto-electrical performances, with high gain-bandwidth products up to 480 GHz and low effective ionization ratios down to 0.15. Moreover, they improve power sensitivities for high-speed optical signals and have a low energy dissipation of only a few fJ per received information bit. These results pave the way for high-performing receivers for energy-aware data links, in next-generation short-distance data communications.
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Low-voltage APDs which have large −3 dB O/E BW, high overall responsivity, and simultaneously low noise will be beneficial for receiver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement.
“Low-voltage APDs which have large −3 dB O/E BW, high overall responsivity114, and simultaneously low noise will be beneficial for receiver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement115,116.”
From Roadmapping the next generation of silicon photonics (2024) · cites this paper as [115]
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Self-citationSilicon-germanium photodetectors for energy-aware chip-scale communications
Benedikovič, D., Aubin, G., Virot, L., Hartmann, J., Amar, F., Roux, X. L., Alonso‐Ramos, C., Cassan, É., Marris‐Morini, D., Bœuf, F., et al. (2022) · Photonics North (PN) · doi:10.1109/pn56061.2022.9908338
Self-citationLiu, B., Liu, Y., Zhao, J., Zheng, J., Wu, R., Yang, Y., Hua, X., Wang, X., Guo, A., Yu, B., et al. (2025) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0275057
Dhrubo, M. N. S., Karlicek, R. F., & Hella, M. M. (2025) · Semiconductor Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/1361-6641/ae24a3
- Authors
- Benedikovic, D., Virot, L., Aubin, G., Hartmann, J.-M., Amar, F., Roux, X. L., Alonso-Ramos, C., Cassan, E., Marris-Morini, D., Boeuf, F., Fedeli, J.-M., Szelag, B., & Vivien, L.
- Affiliations
- Department Multimedia and Information-Communication Technologies, University of Žilina, Žilina, Slovakia
- University Grenoble Alpes and CEA, LETI, Université Paris-Saclay, Grenoble, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR)
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Palaiseau, France
- Technology R&D, STMicroelectronics SAS, Crolles, France
- ORCID
- Venue
- IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics
- Published
- 2022-03
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2: Optical Detectors
- Pages
- 1-8
- ISSN
- 1077-260X (ISSN-L)
- 1558-4542
- OpenAlex
- W3200479930
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9
- FWCI
- 2.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja (PP-COVID-20-0100)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Photonic and Optical Devices
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Photonic Communication Systems
- Keywords
- p-i-n photodetectors, gain-bandwidth product, degree of ionization, energy efficiency, power sensitivity, short-reach optical links, low-noise photodetection
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