Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces for Integrated Sensing and Communications
Open accessAbstract
Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) have recently emerged as a promising technology, which can realize transmit precoding in the wave domain. In this letter, we investigate a SIM-aided integrated sensing and communications system, in which SIM is capable of generating a desired beam pattern for simultaneously communicating with multiple downlink users and detecting a radar target. Specifically, we formulate an optimization problem of maximizing the spectrum efficiency, while satisfying the power constraint of the desired direction. This requires jointly designing the phase shifts of the SIM and the power allocation at the base station. By incorporating the sensing power constraint into the objective functions as a penalty term, we further simplify the optimization problem and solve it by customizing an efficient gradient ascent algorithm. Finally, extensive numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed wave-domain precoder for automatically mitigating the inter-user interference and generating a desired beampattern for the sensing task, as multiple separate data streams transmit through the SIM.
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It was demonstrated that the wave-domain ISAC precoder can automatically generate a desired beam pattern for the sensing task as multiple data streams transmit through the SIM.
“It was demonstrated that the wavedomain ISAC precoder can automatically generate a desired beam pattern for the sensing task as multiple data streams transmit through the SIM.”
From Emerging Technologies in Intelligent Metasurfaces: Shaping the Future of Wireless Communications (2026) · cites this paper as [104]
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Cites
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Research works printed but not linked: 22
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Emerging Technologies in Intelligent Metasurfaces: Shaping the Future of Wireless Communications
An, J., Debbah, M., Cui, T. J., Chen, Z. N., & Yuen, C. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation · doi:10.1109/tap.2025.3571069 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“For instance, Niu et al. [104] explored the potential of ISAC precoding in the wave domain.”
Self-citationFlexible Intelligent Metasurfaces for Enhancing MIMO Communications
An, J., Han, Z., Niyato, D., Debbah, M., Yuen, C., & Hanzo, L. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Communications · doi:10.1109/tcomm.2025.3550318 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationDownlink Multiuser Communications Relying on Flexible Intelligent Metasurfaces
An, J., Yuen, C., Di Renzo, M., Debbah, M., Poor, H. V., & Hanzo, L. (2024) · GLOBECOM 2024 - 2024 IEEE Global Communications Conference · doi:10.1109/globecom52923.2024.10901792 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationEmerging Technologies in Intelligent Metasurfaces: Shaping the Future of Wireless Communications
An, J., Debbah, M., Cui, T. J., Chen, Z. N., & Yuen, C. (2024) · arXiv · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“For instance, Niu et al. [104] explored the potential of ISAC precoding in the wave domain.”
Self-citation
- Authors
- Niu, H., An, J., Papazafeiropoulos, A., Gan, L., Chatzinotas, S., & Debbah, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (CN)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- University of Hertfordshire (GB)
- University of Luxembourg (LU)
- KU 6G Research Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- ORCID
- Venue
- IEEE Wireless Communications Letters
- Published
- 2024-10
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2807-2811
- ISSN
- 2162-2337 (ISSN-L)
- 2162-2345
- OpenAlex
- W4401748396
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 4
- FWCI
- 7.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Wireless Communications Letters (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2023YFSY0008, 2023YFG0291)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Radar Systems and Signal Processing
- Keywords
- stacked intelligent metasurfaces, integrated sensing and communication, precoding, power allocation, gradient ascent algorithm, beampattern design, phase shift optimization
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