The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The challenges facing physical layer security
Abstract
There has recently been significant interest in applying the principles of information-theoretical security and signal processing to secure physical layer systems. Although the community has made progress in understanding how the physical layer can support confidentiality and authentication, it is important to realize that there are many important issues that must be addressed if physical layer security is ever to be adopted by real and practical security systems. In this article, I briefly review several different flavors of physical layer security (at least for wireless systems), and then identify aspects (a.k.a. weaknesses) where the foundation for physical layer security needs to be strengthened. I then highlight that the opportunities for applying physical layer security to real systems will be quite rich if the community can overcome these challenges. In the course of the article, I note new directions for the community to investigate, with the objective of keeping physical layer security research targeted at having a practical impact on real systems.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Goldwasser, S., & Micali, S. (1984) · Journal of Computer and System Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-0000(84)90070-9 · Cited by 2,603
Physical-Layer Security: From Information Theory to Security Engineering
Bloch, M., & Barros, J. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511977985 · Cited by 1,156
Radio-telepathy: extracting a secret key from an unauthenticated wireless channel
Mathur, S., Trappe, W., Mandayam, N., Ye, C., & Reznik, A. (2008) · Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking · doi:10.1145/1409944.1409960 · Cited by 739
Self-citationOn the effectiveness of secret key extraction from wireless signal strength in real environments
Jana, S., Premnath, S. N., Clark, M., Kasera, S. K., Patwari, N., & Krishnamurthy, S. V. (2009) · Proceedings of the 15th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking · doi:10.1145/1614320.1614356 · Cited by 518
Information-Theoretically Secret Key Generation for Fading Wireless Channels
Ye, C., Mathur, S., Reznik, A., Shah, Y., Trappe, W., & Mandayam, N. B. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security · doi:10.1109/tifs.2010.2043187 · Cited by 417
Self-citationUsing the physical layer for wireless authentication in time-variant channels
Xiao, L., Greenstein, L., Mandayam, N., & Trappe, W. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/twc.2008.070194 · Cited by 384
Self-citationSecuring Wireless Communications at the Physical Layer
(2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1385-2 · Cited by 280
Channel-Based Detection of Sybil Attacks in Wireless Networks
Xiao, L., Greenstein, L. J., Mandayam, N. B., & Trappe, W. K. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security · doi:10.1109/tifs.2009.2026454 · Cited by 156
Self-citationOn Secrecy Rate Analysis of MIMO Wiretap Channels Driven by Finite-Alphabet Input
Bashar, S., Ding, Z. J., & Xiao, C. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Communications · doi:10.1109/tcomm.2012.091212.110199 · Cited by 68
On the role of feedback in two-way secure communication
He, X., & Yener, A. (2008) · 2018 52nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers · doi:10.1109/acssc.2008.5074582 · Cited by 27
Cited by
A Survey on Multiple-Antenna Techniques for Physical Layer Security
Chen, X., Ng, D. W. K., Gerstacker, W. H., & Chen, H.-H. (2017) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2016.2633387 · Cited by 474
Ahmad, I., Shahabuddin, S., Kumar, T., Okwuibe, J., Gurtov, A., & Ylianttila, M. (2019) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2019.2916180 · Cited by 366
Deep learning for signal authentication and security in massive internet-of-things systems
Ferdowsi, A., & Saad, W. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Communications · doi:10.1109/tcomm.2018.2878025 · Cited by 160
Metadata
- Authors
- Trappe, W.
- Venue
- IEEE Communications Magazine
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 16-20
- ISSN
- 0163-6804 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1870509456
- Cited by
- 278
- References
- 11
- FWCI
- 19.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The challenges facing physical layer security. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/mcom.2015.7120011
- The paper
- Trappe, W. (2015). The challenges facing physical layer security. IEEE Communications Magazine. https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2015.7120011
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.