The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Decentralized Identity: Where Did It Come From and Where Is It Going?
Open accessAbstract
The technology category now widely known as “decentralized identity” and more narrowly as “self-sovereign identity” didn’t even exist four years ago. At that time, the cutting edge of digital identity technology consisted of Internet- scale federated identity protocols such as OpenID Connect and user-centric data sharing protocols such as User-Managed Access (UMA). Then along came Bitcoin and a surge of interest in blockchain and distributed ledger technology (DLT). Although the initial uses of this technology focused primarily on cryptocurrency, it didn’t take long for the digital identity community to begin applying it to digital identity scenarios.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“some utilize centralized servers that are responsible for mediating between involved entities and serves as intermediaries for storing encrypted identity attributes [17].”
From Decentralized and Self-Sovereign Identity: Systematic Mapping Study (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Venn of Identity: Options and Issues in Federated Identity Management
Maler, E., & Reed, D. (2008) · IEEE Security & Privacy Magazine · doi:10.1109/msp.2008.50 · Cited by 207
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- 0, ID2020
- 0, uport
- 0, Hyperledger Indy
- 0, CULedger
- 0, Rebooting the Web of Trust
- 0, Application of Blockchain Technology to Privacy Respecting Identity Management
- 0, Internet Identity Wksp
- reed, 2019, Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) v1.0, Core Data Model and Syntaxes, W3C Working Draft 09
- allen, 0, The Path to Self-Sovereign Identity
- sporny, 2019, Verifiable Credentials Data Model 1.0 Expressing Verifiable Information on the Web, W3C rec
- 2019, Distributed Ledger Technology Terms and Definitions
Cited by
Designing a Framework for Digital KYC Processes Built on Blockchain-Based Self-Sovereign Identity
Schlatt, V., Sedlmeir, J., Feulner, S., & Urbach, N. (2021) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2021.103553 · Cited by 141
Decentralized and Self-Sovereign Identity: Systematic Mapping Study
Cucko, S., & Turkanovic, M. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3117588 · Cited by 117
SS-DID: A Secure and Scalable Web3 Decentralized Identity Utilizing Multilayer Sharding Blockchain
Liu, Y., Zhao, B., Zhao, Z., Liu, J., Lin, X., Wu, Q., & Susilo, W. (2024) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3380068 · Cited by 73
Ren, Y., Zhang, H., Yu, F. R., Li, W., Zhao, P., & He, Y. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing · doi:10.1109/tmc.2024.3522130 · Cited by 71
Web3 Metaverse: State-of-the-Art and Vision
Chen, H., Duan, H., Abdallah, M., Zhu, Y., Wen, Y., Saddik, A. E., & Cai, W. (2023) · ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications · doi:10.1145/3630258 · Cited by 58
Metadata
- Authors
- Avellaneda, O., Bachmann, A., Barbir, A., Brenan, J., Dingle, P., Duffy, K. H., Maler, E., Reed, D., & Sporny, M.
- Affiliations
- Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (CA)
- CVS Health (United States) (US)
- Microsoft (United States) (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Communications Standards Magazine
- Published
- 2019-12
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 10-13
- ISSN
- 2471-2825 (ISSN-L)
- 2471-2833
- OpenAlex
- W3010829453
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 4.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Communications Standards Magazine (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
- Keywords
- decentralized identity, self-sovereign identity, digital identity, blockchain, distributed ledger technology, identity federation, OpenID Connect, cryptocurrency, identity management
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Decentralized Identity: Where Did It Come From and Where Is It Going? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/mcomstd.2019.9031542
- The paper
- Avellaneda, O., Bachmann, A., Barbir, A., Brenan, J., Dingle, P., Duffy, K. H., Maler, E., Reed, D., & Sporny, M. (2019). Decentralized Identity: Where Did It Come From and Where Is It Going? IEEE Communications Standards Magazine. https://doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.2019.9031542