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Decentralized Identity: Where Did It Come From and Where Is It Going?
Open accessAbstract
The technology category now widely known as “decentralized identity” and more narrowly as “self-sovereign identity” didn’t even exist four years ago. At that time, the cutting edge of digital identity technology consisted of Internet- scale federated identity protocols such as OpenID Connect and user-centric data sharing protocols such as User-Managed Access (UMA). Then along came Bitcoin and a surge of interest in blockchain and distributed ledger technology (DLT). Although the initial uses of this technology focused primarily on cryptocurrency, it didn’t take long for the digital identity community to begin applying it to digital identity scenarios.
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“some utilize centralized servers that are responsible for mediating between involved entities and serves as intermediaries for storing encrypted identity attributes [17].”
From Decentralized and Self-Sovereign Identity: Systematic Mapping Study (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Avellaneda, O., Bachmann, A., Barbir, A., Brenan, J., Dingle, P., Duffy, K. H., Maler, E., Reed, D., & Sporny, M.
- Affiliations
- Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (CA)
- CVS Health (United States) (US)
- Microsoft (United States) (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Communications Standards Magazine
- Published
- 2019-12
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 10-13
- ISSN
- 2471-2825 (ISSN-L)
- 2471-2833
- OpenAlex
- W3010829453
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 4.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Communications Standards Magazine (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
- Keywords
- decentralized identity, self-sovereign identity, digital identity, blockchain, distributed ledger technology, identity federation, OpenID Connect, cryptocurrency, identity management
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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