The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Decentralized Identity: Where Did It Come From and Where Is It Going?
Open accessAbstract
The technology category now widely known as “decentralized identity” and more narrowly as “self-sovereign identity” didn’t even exist four years ago. At that time, the cutting edge of digital identity technology consisted of Internet- scale federated identity protocols such as OpenID Connect and user-centric data sharing protocols such as User-Managed Access (UMA). Then along came Bitcoin and a surge of interest in blockchain and distributed ledger technology (DLT). Although the initial uses of this technology focused primarily on cryptocurrency, it didn’t take long for the digital identity community to begin applying it to digital identity scenarios.
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“some utilize centralized servers that are responsible for mediating between involved entities and serves as intermediaries for storing encrypted identity attributes [17].”
From Decentralized and Self-Sovereign Identity: Systematic Mapping Study (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
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Citations
Cites
The Venn of Identity: Options and Issues in Federated Identity Management
Maler, E., & Reed, D. (2008) · IEEE Security & Privacy Magazine · doi:10.1109/msp.2008.50 · Cited by 207
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- 0, ID2020
- 0, uport
- 0, Hyperledger Indy
- 0, CULedger
- 0, Rebooting the Web of Trust
- 0, Application of Blockchain Technology to Privacy Respecting Identity Management
- 0, Internet Identity Wksp
- reed, 2019, Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) v1.0, Core Data Model and Syntaxes, W3C Working Draft 09
- allen, 0, The Path to Self-Sovereign Identity
- sporny, 2019, Verifiable Credentials Data Model 1.0 Expressing Verifiable Information on the Web, W3C rec
- 2019, Distributed Ledger Technology Terms and Definitions
Cited by
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Zhaolu, T., Wang, H., & He, D. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing · doi:10.1109/tdsc.2025.3610546
Lotus: A Hybrid Cross-Chain Framework for Privacy-Preserving Digital Identity
Tran, T.-D., Bao, H. P. G., Trong, T. M., Cam, N. T., & Pham, V.-H. (2025) · International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies · doi:10.1109/iscit67082.2025.11231625
DAVC: A Verifiable Credentials Model for Dynamic Attribute Management
Wang, F., Yang, S., Zhang, M., Liu, Y., Zhang, Q., & Tian, F. (2025) · IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications (ISPA) · doi:10.1109/ispa67752.2025.00197
Towards a refined architecture for socio-technical decentralized identity services
Hwang, H., Park, M., Oh, H., & Chai, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Blockchain · doi:10.3389/fbloc.2025.1696955
Qiu, R. G. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-12911-6_3
Usharani, S., Bala, P. M., Devi, A., Balachandar, A., & Glorindal, G. (2026) · Information systems engineering and management · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-07305-1_14
Decentralized Virtual World: Blockchain as the Backbone of the Web3 Metaverse
Chi, Y., Wang, B., Cai, W., & Leung, V. C. M. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-03296-6_7
Xiong, H., Xian, Q., & Yeh, K. (2026) · Journal of Information Security and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.jisa.2025.104370
“It’s Not For People Like Me”: Centering Migrants’ Perspectives in the EUDI Wallet Debate in Germany
Caribou, Kirsch, T., Samaha, M., & Caravaca, A. W. (2026) · doi:10.64329/cxbs6022-1
Die Perspektive von Migrant*innen im Mittelpunkt der Debatte um die EUDI-Wallet in Deutschland
Caribou, Kirsch, T., Samaha, M., & Caravaca, A. W. (2026) · doi:10.64329/cxbs6022-2
Liu, Y., Zhao, Z., Zhao, B., Wang, N., Tan, H., & Liu, J. (2026) · International World Wide Web Conference (WWW) · doi:10.1145/3774904.3792424
Hierarchical Strategies for Promoting Blockchain Adoption in Construction Society
Hong, J., Song, E., Jung, D., Yeom, S., & Hong, T. (2026) · Journal of Management in Engineering · doi:10.1061/jmenea.meeng-7440
A dual-ledger key recovery model for secure blockchain wallet management in supply chains
Sarfaraz, A., Khan, A., Chakrabortty, R. K., & Ansari, Z. A. (2026) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-026-06178-7
Formalizing Privacy in Decentralized Identity: A Provably Secure Framework with Minimal Disclosure
Zhang, Y., & Wang, Z. (2026) · IEEE Computer Security Foundations Workshop (CSFW) · doi:10.1109/csf68417.2026.00005
Perkasa, R. D., & Yugopuspito, P. (2026) · International Conference on Technology Innovation and Its Applications (ICTIIA) · doi:10.1109/ictiia70925.2026.11717055
Metadata
- Authors
- Avellaneda, O., Bachmann, A., Barbir, A., Brenan, J., Dingle, P., Duffy, K. H., Maler, E., Reed, D., & Sporny, M.
- Affiliations
- Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (CA)
- CVS Health (United States) (US)
- Microsoft (United States) (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Communications Standards Magazine
- Published
- 2019-12
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 10-13
- ISSN
- 2471-2825 (ISSN-L)
- 2471-2833
- OpenAlex
- W3010829453
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 4.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Communications Standards Magazine (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
- Keywords
- decentralized identity, self-sovereign identity, digital identity, blockchain, distributed ledger technology, identity federation, OpenID Connect, cryptocurrency, identity management
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