Design methodology of an analog 9-beam squint-free wideband IF multi-beamformer for mmW applications
Abstract
An intermediate frequency (IF) squinting-free multi-beamforming method is proposed for multi-antenna systems. The proposed approach uses a low-complexity factorization of a true-time-delay (TTD) multi-beam matrix, which is proposed to be realized using an analog integrated circuits approach. A TTD realization of multi-beams at intermediate frequency is achieved following amplification and synchronous down-conversion via the proposed Delay Vandermonde Matrix (DVM) in which matrix elements correspond to the compound phase compensation required for squint-free steering of each radio-frequency beam. True-time-delays are proposed to be efficiently realized on-chip by applying a sparse factorization to the DVM, which leads to a low circuit complexity implementation requiring a significantly lower number of TTD blocks and phase compensations compared to an equivalent direct implementation for a given N number of beams. The proposed method, for 9-beams, leads to a 60% reduction of analog integrated circuit based TTD blocks and phase compensators. The TTD blocks can be realized on chip using active-RC based integrated analog all-pass filters. The proposed multi-beam algorithm and circuit structure is simulated within the frequency range 55–65 GHz to demonstrate squinting-free wide-band multi-beams at millimeter wave carrier frequencies for emerging 5G applications.
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The parallel realization of N beams using a network of TTDs with durations set to integer multiples of τ0 leads to an N-beam TTD multi-beam beamformer with an underlying mathematical framework given by the DVM.
“The parallel realization of N beams using a network of TTDs with durations set to integer multiples of τ0 leads to an N-beam TTD multi-beam beamformer with an underlying mathematical framework given by the DVM [7,8,9,10,11].”
From Thiran Filters for Wideband DSP-Based Multi-Beam True Time Delay RF Sensing Applications (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
The paper proposes a low-complexity wideband TTD digital DVM algorithm using Thiran fractional delays.
“Thus, with this and from the prior work on DVM [7,8,9,10,11], we propose a low-complexity wideband TTD digital DVM algorithm using Thiran fractional delays.”
From Thiran Filters for Wideband DSP-Based Multi-Beam True Time Delay RF Sensing Applications (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
The proposed algorithm is more reliable for large N than the matrix-matrix multiplication-based DVM algorithm in [7,8].
“The proposed algorithm is more reliable for large N than that for the matrix–matrix multiplication-based DVM algorithm in [7,8].”
From Thiran Filters for Wideband DSP-Based Multi-Beam True Time Delay RF Sensing Applications (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
The factor e−jωτ associated with analog DVM beamforming can be efficiently approximated on chip by CMOS APFs.
“The factor e−jωτ is associated with the factorization of the AN and can be efficiently approximated on chip by CMOS APFs [7,8,9,10,11,48,49].”
From Thiran Filters for Wideband DSP-Based Multi-Beam True Time Delay RF Sensing Applications (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
Although the algorithms proposed in [8,10] are much more efficient than brute-force calculation, their order of arithmetic complexity is not O(NlogN).
“Although the algorithms proposed in [8,10] are much more efficient than brute-force calculation, their order of arithmetic complexity is not O(NlogN).”
From Thiran Filters for Wideband DSP-Based Multi-Beam True Time Delay RF Sensing Applications (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
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Rappaport, T. S., Xing, Y., Kanhere, O., Ju, S., Madanayake, A., Mandal, S., Alkhateeb, A., & Trichopoulos, G. C. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2921522 · Cited by 2,617 · see citing works
“In particular, fast algorithms for DVM factorization have already been found for relatively small N , while more general versions applicable to larger values of N are being actively developed [95]–[97].”
BackgroundSelf-citationPerera, S. M., Madanayake, A., & Cintra, R. J. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.2970342 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationA Fast DVM Algorithm for Wideband Time-Delay Multi-Beam Beamformers
Perera, S. M., Lingsch, L., Madanayake, A., Mandal, S., & Mastronardi, N. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/tsp.2022.3231182 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationThiran Filters for Wideband DSP-Based Multi-Beam True Time Delay RF Sensing Applications
Perera, S. M., Rathnasekara, G., & Madanayake, A. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24020576 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“The proposed algorithm is more reliable for large N than that for the matrix– matrix multiplication-based DVM algorithm in [7,8].”
MethodSelf-citationA Fast Algorithm to Solve Delay Vandermonde Systems in Phased-Array Digital Receivers
Perera, S. M., Madanayake, A., Ogle, A., Silverio, D., & Huang, J. Q. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems · doi:10.1109/taes.2021.3086356 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Ariyarathna, V., Udayanga, N., Madanayake, A., Perera, S. M., Belostotski, L., & Cintra, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Akron (US)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach Florida Campus (US)
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (BR)
- ORCID
- Venue
- 2017 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2017-05
- Pages
- 236-240
- OpenAlex
- W2734522146
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 2.32
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Photonic Communication Systems
- Keywords
- multi-beamforming, intermediate frequency, true-time delay, millimeter wave, analog integrated circuits, Vandermonde matrix, sparse matrix factorization, phase compensation, 5G
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