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Cited by 111Wireless Body Area NetworksWireless Power Transfer SystemsRFID technology advancements

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Implantable RF Medical Devices: The Benefits of High-Speed Communication and Much Greater Communication Distances in Biomedical Applications

Chow, Eric, Morris, Milton, Irazoqui, Pedro·2013·IEEE Microwave Magazine
DOI 10.1109/mmm.2013.2248586
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Abstract

In the early ages of implantable devices, radio frequency (RF) technologies were not commonplace due to the challenges stemming from the inherent nature of biological tissue boundaries. As technology improved and our understanding matured, the benefit of RF in biomedical applications surpassed the implementation challenges and is thus becoming more widespread. The fundamental challenge is due to the significant electromagnetic (EM) effects of the body at high frequencies. The EM absorption and impedance boundaries of biological tissue result in significant reduction of power and signal integrity for transcutaneous propagation of RF fields. Furthermore, the dielectric properties of the body tissue surrounding the implant must be accounted for in the design of its RF components, such as antennas and inductors, and the tissue is often heterogeneous and the properties are highly variable. Additional challenges for implantable applications include the need for miniaturization, power minimization, and often accounting for a conductive casing due to biocompatibility and hermeticity requirements [1]?[3]. Today, wireless technologies are essentially a must have in most electrical implants due to the need to communicate with the device and even transfer usable energy to the implant [4], [5]. Low-frequency wireless technologies face fewer challenges in this implantable setting than its higher frequency, or RF, counterpart, but are limited to much lower communication speeds and typically have a very limited operating distance. The benefits of high-speed communication and much greater communication distances in biomedical applications have spawned numerous wireless standards committees, and the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has allocated numerous frequency bands for medical telemetry as well as those to specifically target implantable applications. The development of analytical models, advanced EM simulation software, and representative RF human phantom recipes has significantly facilitated design and optimization of RF components for implantable applications.

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3 of the 36 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 25

  1. knapp, 2011, ANSYS Inc. request for waiver of 47 C.F.R. sections 1.1307(b) (2) of commission rules; declaratory ruling concerning sections 1.1307(b)(2) of commission rules (DA 11-192), Federal Communications Commission Tech Rep 11-192
  2. 2011, § 95.1221-RF Exposure,” in “Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47—Telecommunication, Chapter 1—FCC, Subchapter D—Safety and Special Radio Services, Part 95—Personal Radio Services, Subpart I—Medical Device RadioCommunication Service, Tech Rep 95 1221
  3. means, 2001, Evaluating compliance with FCC guidelines for human exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, Technical report Federal Communications Commission Office of Engineering and Technology
  4. 2012, § 95.628 MedRadio transmitters in the 413-419 MHz, 426-432 MHz, 438-444, MHz, and 451-457 MHz and 2360-2400 MHz bands,” in “Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47—Telecommunication, Chapter 1—FCC, Subchapter D—Safety and Special Radio Services, Part 95—Personal Radio Services, Subpart I—Medical Device Radiocommunications Service, Tech Rep 95 628
  5. 2010, Z S Inc
  6. 2012, § 95.627 MedRadio transmitters in the 401-406 MHz band,” in “Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47—Telecommunication, Chapter1—FCC, Subchapter D—Safety and Special Radio Services, Part 95—Personal Radio Services, Subpart E—Technical Regulations, Tech Rep 95 627
  7. 0, Boston Scientific Corp
  8. 2011, Axis Research Mind, Global cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices-market growth analysis 2009-2015
  9. greatbatch, 1962, Medical cardiac pacemaker, U S Patent 3 057 356
  10. 2002, FCC 02-48, ET Docket 98-153, Tech Rep 98-153
  11. 1999, Amendment of Parts 2 and 95 of the Commission's Rules to Establish a Medical Implant Communications Service in the 402-405 MHz Band, Technical Report 99–9
  12. 1999, Subpart I—medical implant communications,” in “Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47—Telecommunication, Chapter 1—FCC, Subchapter D-Safety and Special Radio Services, Part 95—Personal Radio Services, Federal Communications Commission
  13. 2013, Biotronik SE and Co KG
  14. 2013, Medtronic Inc
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  16. 2009, ET Docket No. 06-135, ” in “FCC Adopted Rules for New Advanced Medical Technologies, Tech Rep 06-123
  17. 2009, Subpart I— medical device radiocommunication service,” in “Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47—Telecommunication, Chapter 1—FCC, Subchapter D—Safety and Special Radio Services, Part 95—Personal Radio Services, Tech Rep
  18. 2011, FCC 11-176, ET Docket No. 09-36,” in “Amendment of Parts 2 and 95 of the Commission‘s Rules to Provide Additional Spectrum for the Medical Device Radiocommunication Service in the 413-457 MHz Band, Tech Rep 09-36 Washington D C
  19. 0, Documents of the international radio conference—Doc. no. 1–100, Proc Int Radio Conf, 18e
  20. 2012, § 95.628 Medradio transmitters in the 413-419 MHz, 426-432 MHz, 438-444 MHz, and 451-457 MHz and 2360-2400 MHz bands, in “Code of Federal Regulations Title 47—Telecommunication Chapter 1—FCC Subchapter D-Safety and Special Radio Services Part 95—Personal Radio Services Subpart E—Technical Regulations ” Tech Rep 95 628
  21. 2000, § 95.630 WMTS transmitter frequencies, Code of Federal Regulations Title 47—Telecommunication Chapter 1—FCC Subchapter D—Safety and Special Radio Services Part 95—Personal Radio Services Subpart E —Technical Regulations ” Tech Rep 95 630
  22. 2011, Human torso simulator and testing technique, publication number: 617965, Federal Communications Commission
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  24. 2010, Investigation of the spectrum requirements for advanced medical technologies, amendment of parts 2 and 95 of the commission's rules to establish the medical device radiocommunication service at 401-402 and 405-206 MHz, Tech Rep FCC 10-128
  25. 1999, § 95.639 maximum transmitter power,” in “Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47—Telecommunication, Chapter 1—FCC, Subchapter D—Safety and Special Radio Services, Part 95—Personal Radio Services, Subpart E—Technical Regulations, Tech Rep 95 639

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Metadata

Authors
Chow, E., Morris, M., & Irazoqui, P.
Affiliations
Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
ORCID
Irazoqui, Pedro
Venue
IEEE Microwave Magazine
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published
2013-06
Volume
14
Issue
4
Pages
64-73
ISSN
1527-3342 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1109/mmm.2013.2248586
OpenAlex
W1970635841
Cited by
111
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5
FWCI
6.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html (vor)
Locations
IEEE Microwave Magazine (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Wireless Body Area Networks
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › RFID technology advancements
Keywords
high-speed wireless communication, biotelemetry, tissue dielectric properties, electromagnetic wave absorption, impedance matching, RF power transmission

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