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Cited by 258Advanced Wireless Communication TechnologiesAdvanced Antenna and Metasurface TechnologiesMillimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling

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Design and Evaluation of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Real-World Environment

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Trichopoulos, Georgios C., Theofanopoulos, Panagiotis, Kashyap, Bharath, Shekhawat, Aditya, Modi, Anuj, Osman, Tawfik, Kumar, Sanjay, Sengar, Anand, Chang, Arkajyoti, Alkhateeb, Ahmed·2022·IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society
DOI 10.1109/ojcoms.2022.3158310
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Abstract

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have promising coverage and data-rate gains for wireless communication systems in 5G and beyond. Prior work has mainly focused on analyzing the performance of these surfaces using simulations or lab-level prototypes. To draw accurate insights about the actual performance of these systems, this paper develops an RIS proof-of-concept prototype and extensively evaluates its potential gains in the field under realistic wireless communication settings. In particular, a 160-element RIS, operating at a 5.8 GHz band, is designed, fabricated, and accurately measured in the anechoic chamber. This surface is then integrated into a wireless communication system and the beamforming gains, pathloss, and coverage improvements are evaluated in realistic outdoor communication scenarios. When both the transmitter and receiver employ directional antennas, the developed RIS achieves 15–20 dB gain in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in a range of ±60° beamforming angles. In terms of coverage, and considering a far-field experiment with a blockage between a basestation and a grid of mobile users and with an average signal path of 35 m, the RIS provides an average SNR improvement of 6 dB (max 8 dB) within an area > 75 m2. Thanks to the scalable RIS design, these SNR gains can be directly increased with larger RIS areas. For example, a single 1,600-element RIS with the same design is expected to provide 26 dB SNR gain for a similar deployment (theoretical estimation). These results draw useful insights into the design and performance of RIS systems and provide an important proof for their potential gains in real-world far-field wireless communication environments.

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  • A 160-element RIS operating at 5.8 GHz demonstrates an average signal-to-noise ratio improvement of more than 6 dB in realistic outdoor communication scenarios with a blockage between a base station and a grid of mobile users over a 35 m propagation path.

    “Additionally, the authors of [37] designed and fabricated a RIS with 160 elements operating at 5 . 8 GHz. In realistic outdoor communication scenarios with a blockage between a base station (BS) and a grid of mobile users over a 35 m propagation path, the RIS demonstrates an average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement of more than 6 dB.”

    From Emerging Technologies in Intelligent Metasurfaces: Shaping the Future of Wireless Communications (2026) · cites this paper as [37]

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Research works printed but not linked: 52

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Metadata

Authors
Trichopoulos, G. C., Theofanopoulos, P., Kashyap, B., Shekhawat, A., Modi, A., Osman, T., Kumar, S., Sengar, A., Chang, A., & Alkhateeb, A.
Affiliations
Arizona State University (US)
ORCID
Venue
IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published
2022
Volume
3
Pages
462-474
ISSN
2644-125X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1109/ojcoms.2022.3158310
OpenAlex
W3199836582
Cited by
258
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 41 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 21
FWCI
14.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (cc-by)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling
Keywords
reconfigurable intelligent surface, beamforming gain, signal-to-noise ratio improvement, coverage enhancement, path loss, 5G, 5.8 GHz, anechoic chamber measurements, directional antennas

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