The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Electrooptic light modulators
Abstract
The field of electrooptic light modulation by means of the Pockels and Kerr effects in crystals is summarized with particular attention to communications applications using the optical maser. AH available data on electrooptic materials are tabulated, and design considerations and operating principles for various modulator configurations are outlined.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Physical properties of crystals
(2005) · Group Theory with Applications in Chemical Physics · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535390.017 · Cited by 1,865
(2000) · Introduction to Ferroic Materials · doi:10.1201/9781482283051-18 · Cited by 1,502
Dielectric Materials and Applications
von Hippel, A. R., & Morgan, S. O. (1955) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.2430014 · Cited by 1,495
Seidel, H. (1965) · Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie · doi:10.1524/zpch.1965.47.3_4.250 · Cited by 1,145
Confocal Multimode Resonator for Millimeter Through Optical Wavelength Masers
Boyd, G. D., & Gordon, J. P. (1961) · Bell System Technical Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1961.tb01626.x · Cited by 883
Measurement of the Refractive Indices of Several Crystals
Bond, W. L. (1965) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1703106 · Cited by 822
Dielectric Materials and Applications.
Smyth, C. P. (1955) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01611a117 · Cited by 622
LiNbO3: AN EFFICIENT PHASE MATCHABLE NONLINEAR OPTICAL MATERIAL
Boyd, G. D., Miller, R. C., Nassau, K., Bond, W. L., & Savage, A. (1964) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.1723604 · Cited by 576
Refractive Index of ZnSe, ZnTe, and CdTe
Marple, D. T. F. (1964) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1713411 · Cited by 505
Infrared-Absorption Studies on Barium Titanate and Related Materials
Last, J. T. (1957) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.105.1740 · Cited by 468
Cited by
Grating Coupler for an On-Chip Lithium Niobate Ridge Waveguide
Nisar, M. S., Zhao, X., Pan, A., Yuan, S., & Xia, J. (2017) · IEEE Photonics Journal · doi:10.1109/jphot.2016.2630314 · Cited by 51
Metadata
- Authors
- Kaminow, I. P., & Turner, E. H.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the IEEE
- Published
- 1966
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1374-1390
- ISSN
- 0018-9219 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2124976647
- Cited by
- 263
- References
- 26
- FWCI
- 7.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Electrooptic light modulators. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/proc.1966.5124
- The paper
- Kaminow, I. P., & Turner, E. H. (1966). Electrooptic light modulators. Proceedings of the IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/proc.1966.5124
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.