Numerical analysis and design of single-source multicoil TMS for deep and focused brain stimulation
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a tool for noninvasive stimulation of neuronal tissue used for research in cognitive neuroscience and to treat neurological disorders. Many TMS applications call for large electric fields to be sharply focused on regions that often lie deep inside the brain. Unfortunately, the fields generated by present-day TMS coils diffuse and decay rapidly as they penetrate into the head. As a result, they tend to stimulate relatively large regions of tissue near the brain surface. Earlier studies suggested that a focused TMS excitation can be attained using multiple nonuniformly fed coils in a multichannel array. We propose a systematic, genetic algorithm-based technique for synthesizing multichannel arrays that minimize the volume of the excited region required to achieve a prescribed penetration depth and maintain realistic values for the input driving currents. Because multichannel arrays are costly to build, we also propose a method to convert the multichannel arrays into single-channel ones while minimally materially deteriorating performance. Numerical results show that the new multi- and single-channel arrays stimulate tissue 2.4 cm into the head while exciting 3.0 and 2.6 times less volume than conventional Figure-8 coils, respectively.
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The open-label rTMS study in children was not designed to test clinical efficacy.
“However, the study was not designed to test clinical efficacy as it was open-label.”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Gomez et al., 2014
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“…tolerability and safety study of rTMS of 1 Hz over left DLPFC in 13 children with ADHD study found only temporary minimal side or adverse effects (slight headache) and an improvement in ADHD symptoms, in particular inattention at school and hyperactivity/impulsiveness at home (Gomez et al., 2014).”
Background
- Authors
- Gomez, L., Cajko, F., Hernandez-Garcia, L., Grbic, A., & Michielssen, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
- Published
- 2013-10
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2771-2782
- ISSN
- 0018-9294 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-2531
- OpenAlex
- W2031505670
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R21NS058691, NS058691)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications
- Keywords
- transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep brain stimulation, genetic algorithm optimization, penetration depth, electric field distribution, figure-8 coil, non-invasive brain stimulation
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Computer Simulation, Equipment Design, Humans, Magnetics, Models, Neurological, Transducers, Computer-Aided Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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