The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Provocative Testing for the Assessment of the Electromagnetic Interference of RFID and NFC Readers on Implantable Pacemaker
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to perform provocative testing for the assessment of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) of radiofrequency identification (RFID) and near field communication (NFC) readers on implantable pacemakers (PMs). Ten PMs were exposed to the electromagnetic field generated by an RFID/NFC reader emulator, in the LF (125 kHz), HF and NCF (13.56 MHz), and UHF (900 MHz) bands. Provocative tests were performed by increasing the field strength beyond the maximum levels allowed for commercial devices. PMs were affected by EMI for all three frequency bands. For the LF RFID, 2/10 PMs when exposed to magnetic field levels typical of commercial devices (100 A/m) and 9/10 PMs at a magnetic field of 500 A/m. For the HF RFID and NFC, 3/10 PMs when exposed to output power levels of magnetic field typical of commercial devices (4 W), and 7/10 PMs at 10 W. For the UHF RFID, 2/10 at output power lever of 2 W, and increasing the output power level up to 20 W did not caused EMI in the other PMs. For the PMs evaluated, the provocative tests performed in this study revealed that the safety margin is narrow in the LF and HF/NFC bands, whereas a fair margin exists in the UHF band.
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Power transfer methods such as NFC or RF can conflict with frequencies used for data transfer, resulting in signal corruption that can affect diagnosis and monitoring of neurological conditions.
“These methods, while effective for power delivery, can conflict with the frequencies used for data transfer resulting in signal corruption, which can affect the diagnosis and monitoring of neurological conditions (Dobkin, 2012; Mattei et al., 2016).”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Mattei et al., 2016
Citations
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Reconfigurable Dual-Band Bidirectional Reflection Amplifier With Applications in Van Atta Array
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Investigating the Effect of Temperature in RFID Technology
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mattei, E., Lucano, E., Censi, F., Triventi, M., & Calcagnini, G.
- Affiliations
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (IT)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 314-322
- ISSN
- 0018-9375 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-187X
- OpenAlex
- W2290054612
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 2.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › RFID technology advancements
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements
- Keywords
- electromagnetic interference, implantable pacemaker, RFID reader, near field communication, provocation tests, magnetic field exposure, HF RFID, UHF RFID, safety margin, pacemaker safety
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