The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Deep Feature Extraction and Classification of Hyperspectral Images Based on Convolutional Neural Networks
Abstract
Due to the advantages of deep learning, in this paper, a regularized deep feature extraction (FE) method is presented for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification using a convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed approach employs several convolutional and pooling layers to extract deep features from HSIs, which are nonlinear, discriminant, and invariant. These features are useful for image classification and target detection. Furthermore, in order to address the common issue of imbalance between high dimensionality and limited availability of training samples for the classification of HSI, a few strategies such as L2 regularization and dropout are investigated to avoid overfitting in class data modeling. More importantly, we propose a 3-D CNN-based FE model with combined regularization to extract effective spectral-spatial features of hyperspectral imagery. Finally, in order to further improve the performance, a virtual sample enhanced method is proposed. The proposed approaches are carried out on three widely used hyperspectral data sets: Indian Pines, University of Pavia, and Kennedy Space Center. The obtained results reveal that the proposed models with sparse constraints provide competitive results to state-of-the-art methods. In addition, the proposed deep FE opens a new window for further research.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks
Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., & Hinton, G. E. (2017) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3065386 · Cited by 112,155
ImageNet: A large-scale hierarchical image database
Deng, J., Dong, W., Socher, R., Li, L.-J., Li, K., & Fei-Fei, L. (2009) · 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206848 · Cited by 65,333
Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition
Lecun, Y., Bottou, L., Bengio, Y., & Haffner, P. (1998) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/5.726791 · Cited by 58,805
LIBSVM: A library for support vector machines
Chang, C.-C., & Lin, C.-J. (2011) · ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology · doi:10.1145/1961189.1961199 · Cited by 40,918
A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets
Hinton, G. E., Osindero, S., & Teh, Y.-W. (2006) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.2006.18.7.1527 · Cited by 16,336
A Global Geometric Framework for Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction
Tenenbaum, J. B., Silva, V. D., & Langford, J. C. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5500.2319 · Cited by 13,585
Improving neural networks by preventing co-adaptation of feature detectors
Hinton, G. E., Srivastava, N., Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., & Salakhutdinov, R. R. (2012) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1207.0580 · Cited by 6,382
Deep learning-based classification of hyperspectral data
Chen, Y., Lin, Z., Zhao, X., Wang, G., & Gu, Y. (2014) · IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1109/jstars.2014.2329330 · Cited by 2,679
Self-citationHyperspectral remote sensing data analysis and future challenges
Bioucas-Dias, J. M., Plaza, A., Camps-Valls, G., Scheunders, P., Nasrabadi, N., & Chanussot, J. (2013) · IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine · doi:10.1109/mgrs.2013.2244672 · Cited by 2,223
Spectral-spatial classification of hyperspectral data based on deep belief network
Chen, Y., Zhao, X., & Jia, X. (2015) · IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2388577 · Cited by 1,259 · cited 1×
“In 2015, another deep model, entitled deep belief network (DBN), was proposed [30].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Cited by
Deep Learning in Remote Sensing: A Comprehensive Review and List of Resources
Zhu, X. X., Tuia, D., Mou, L., Xia, G.-S., Zhang, L., Xu, F., & Fraundorfer, F. (2017) · IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine · doi:10.1109/mgrs.2017.2762307 · Cited by 3,400
Deep Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification: An Overview
Li, S., Song, W., Fang, L., Chen, Y., Ghamisi, P., & Benediktsson, J. A. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1109/tgrs.2019.2907932 · Cited by 2,007
Self-citationGhamisi, P., Yokoya, N., Li, J., Liao, W., Liu, S., Plaza, J., Rasti, B., & Plaza, A. (2017) · IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine · doi:10.1109/mgrs.2017.2762087 · Cited by 909
Self-citationSpectral–Spatial Feature Tokenization Transformer for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Sun, L., Zhao, G., Zheng, Y., & Wu, Z. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3144158 · Cited by 778
He, L., Li, J., Liu, C., & Li, S. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1109/tgrs.2017.2765364 · Cited by 630
Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, Y., Jiang, H., Li, C., Jia, X., & Ghamisi, P.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
- Published
- 2016-10
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 6232-6251
- ISSN
- 0196-2892 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-0644
- OpenAlex
- W2500751094
- Cited by
- 2,984
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 215.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Deep Feature Extraction and Classification of Hyperspectral Images Based on Convolutional Neural Networks. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/tgrs.2016.2584107
- The paper
- Chen, Y., Jiang, H., Li, C., Jia, X., & Ghamisi, P. (2016). Deep Feature Extraction and Classification of Hyperspectral Images Based on Convolutional Neural Networks. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2016.2584107
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
