The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Millimeter- and Submillimeter-Wave Dielectric Measurements of Household Powders Using Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
Abstract
This paper presents the first step in characterizing and detecting common household powders as hoax materials by investigating their broadband dielectric characteristics. Pesticide is also studied due to its similarities to anthrax. A modified two-beam polarizing interferometer and custom-made sample holders were utilized to obtain the refractive index (RFI), absorption coefficient, complex real and imaginary permittivity, and loss tangent of flour, dry milk, cornstarch, pesticide, baking soda, and talc as a continuous function of frequency in the range of 400–1200 GHz. Dispersive Fourier transform spectroscopy was employed to provide phase and amplitude information, leading to the accurate and direct acquisition of the complex RFI and complex dielectric permittivity spectra. It is the first time that such measurements were carried out over such an extended frequency range for common powders to reveal marked variation in absorption and RFI values for different powders. The powders exhibit high-absorption characteristics, and the RFI values lie between 2.4 and 3.4 in this spectral range. A unique resonance signature for talc was detected at 1135 GHz with an associated anomalous dispersion. Parameters such as grain size and orientation were analyzed for their effect on the dielectric properties of powders. Relationships between density, permittivity, and RFI are explored to provide the ability to extrapolate results for other densities. The RFI and the real part of the dielectric permittivity were found to be the most reliable for identification and detection purposes.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The absorption peak itself is caused by Talcum, a filling material, which is commonly added to LCP samples [42].”
From Terahertz-time domain spectrometer with 90 dB peak dynamic range (2014) · cites this paper as [42]
Citations
Cites
Fundamentals of applied electromagnetics
Ulaby, F. T. (1996) · Cited by 691
Dielectric Measurements of Millimeter-Wave Materials
Afsar, M. N. (1984) · IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques · doi:10.1109/tmtt.1984.1132899 · Cited by 153
Self-citationEvaluating the Measurement Uncertainty
Lira, I. H. (2002) · Institute of Physics eBooks · doi:10.1887/0750308400 · Cited by 79
Murata, K.-I., Hanawa, A., & Nozaki, R. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.2115099 · Cited by 69
Birch, J. R., Simonis, G. J., Afsar, M. N., Clarke, R. N., Dutta, J. M., Frost, H. M., Gerbaux, X., HADNI, A., Hall, W. F., Heidinger, R., et al. (1994) · IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques · doi:10.1109/22.293563 · Cited by 66
Self-citationNew techniques for dispersive Fourier transform spectrometry of liquids
Afsar, M. N., Hasted, J. B., & Chamberlain, J. (1976) · Infrared Physics · doi:10.1016/0020-0891(76)90051-8 · Cited by 58
Self-citationAfsar, M. N., Chamberlain, J., & Chantry, G. W. (1976) · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · doi:10.1109/tim.1976.6312229 · Cited by 54
Self-citationWave-Guide Measurements in the Microwave Region on Metal Powders Suspended in Paraffin Wax
Kelly, J. M., Stenoien, J. O., & Isbell, D. E. (1953) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1721261 · Cited by 48
The significance of the dielectric constant of a mixture
Lowry, H. H. (1927) · Journal of the Franklin Institute · doi:10.1016/s0016-0032(27)91179-x · Cited by 33
Optical attenuation signatures of Bacillus subtillis in the THz region
Brown, E. R., Bjarnason, J. E., Chan, T. L. J., Lee, A. W. M., & Celis, M. A. (2004) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.1711167 · Cited by 31
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- 1993, Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
- 1993, International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Terahertz-time domain spectrometer with 90 dB peak dynamic range
Vieweg, N., Rettich, F., Deninger, A., Roehle, H., Dietz, R., Göbel, T., & Schell, M. (2014) · Journal of Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves · doi:10.1007/s10762-014-0085-9 · Cited by 203
Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of Pesticides With Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy
Hua, Y., & Zhang, H. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques · doi:10.1109/tmtt.2010.2050184 · Cited by 114
Measurement of Microwave Dielectric Properties and Factors Affecting Them
Sebastian, M. T., Silva, M. A. S., & Sombra, A. S. B. (2017) · doi:10.1002/9781119208549.ch1 · Cited by 65
Hua, Y., Zhang, H., & Zhou, H. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · doi:10.1109/tim.2010.2041020 · Cited by 52
A Bioimpedance Meter to Measure Drug in Transdermal Delivery
Arpaïa, P., Cesaro, U., & Moccaldi, N. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2817399 · Cited by 19
Metadata
- Authors
- Khan, U. A., Nguyen, N., & Afsar, M. N.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 286-293
- ISSN
- 0018-9456 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2988805500
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Terahertz technology and applications
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Keywords
- submillimeter spectroscopy, anthrax detection, refractive index, complex permittivity, loss tangent, absorption coefficient, polarizing interferometer, flour, corn starch, milk powder, sodium bicarbonate, talc, pesticides, anomalous dispersion, grain size effects, density effects
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Millimeter- and Submillimeter-Wave Dielectric Measurements of Household Powders Using Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/tim.2007.909601
- The paper
- Khan, U. A., Nguyen, N., & Afsar, M. N. (2008). Millimeter- and Submillimeter-Wave Dielectric Measurements of Household Powders Using Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2007.909601
