The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
GMNet: Graded-Feature Multilabel-Learning Network for RGB-Thermal Urban Scene Semantic Segmentation
Abstract
Semantic segmentation is a fundamental task in computer vision, and it has various applications in fields such as robotic sensing, video surveillance, and autonomous driving. A major research topic in urban road semantic segmentation is the proper integration and use of cross-modal information for fusion. Here, we attempt to leverage inherent multimodal information and acquire graded features to develop a novel multilabel-learning network for RGB-thermal urban scene semantic segmentation. Specifically, we propose a strategy for graded-feature extraction to split multilevel features into junior, intermediate, and senior levels. Then, we integrate RGB and thermal modalities with two distinct fusion modules, namely a shallow feature fusion module and deep feature fusion module for junior and senior features. Finally, we use multilabel supervision to optimize the network in terms of semantic, binary, and boundary characteristics. Experimental results confirm that the proposed architecture, the graded-feature multilabel-learning network, outperforms state-of-the-art methods for urban scene semantic segmentation, and it can be generalized to depth data.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“| GMNet [112] | ResNet50 [16] | 57.3 |”
From Multimodal semantic segmentation in autonomous driving: A review of current approaches and future perspectives (2022) · cites this paper as [112]
Citations
Cites
Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., & Sun, J. (2016) · 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.90 · Cited by 235,474
Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition
Simonyan, K., & Zisserman, A. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1409.1556 · Cited by 114,148
U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation
Ronneberger, O., Fischer, P., & Brox, T. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28 · Cited by 99,404
Densely Connected Convolutional Networks
Huang, G., Liu, Z., Van Der Maaten, L., & Weinberger, K. Q. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.243 · Cited by 48,566
MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottlenecks
Sandler, M., Howard, A., Zhu, M., Zhmoginov, A., & Chen, L.-C. (2018) · 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2018.00474 · Cited by 28,755
SegNet: A Deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Architecture for Image Segmentation
Badrinarayanan, V., Kendall, A., & Cipolla, R. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2016.2644615 · Cited by 19,631
Zhao, H., Shi, J., Qi, X., Wang, X., & Jia, J. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.660 · Cited by 16,438
Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation
Shelhamer, E., Long, J., & Darrell, T. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2016.2572683 · Cited by 11,898
Deep High-Resolution Representation Learning for Human Pose Estimation
Sun, K., Xiao, B., Liu, D., & Wang, J. (2019) · 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2019.00584 · Cited by 5,984
Learning Deconvolution Network for Semantic Segmentation
Noh, H., Hong, S., & Han, B. (2015) · 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2015.178 · Cited by 4,422
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–342 of 342
Edge Aware Segmentation Network with Sparse Transformer Fusion for Multimodal Scene Parsing
Wang, C. (2025) · International Conference on Computers, Information Processing and Advanced Education (CIPAE) · doi:10.1109/cipae66821.2025.00063
KR-SWP: Knowledge Reuse for Stripe-Wise Pruning
Huo, Z., Xu, J., Wu, J., Wang, C., Huang, W., & Qian, J. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tai.2025.3636850
TASeg: Text-aware RGB-T Semantic Segmentation based on Fine-tuning Vision Foundation Models
Yu, M., Cui, T., Chu, Q., Song, W., Yang, Y., & Yue, Y. (2025) · IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) · doi:10.1109/iros60139.2025.11246766
Unsupervised multi-modal domain adaptation for RGB-T Semantic Segmentation
Chen, Z., Lin, C., Zhao, Y., & Tillo, T. (2025) · Computer Vision and Image Understanding · doi:10.1016/j.cviu.2025.104573
TASRT:Text-Aware Sparse MoE for RGB–Thermal Semantic SegmentationPreprint
Wang, Y., Chen, H., Yu, X., Yang, H., Zhu, X., & Dong, X. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5856887
Jin, Y., Duan, T., Zhang, H., Li, Q., & Zhu, J. H. (2025) · ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering (i3CE) · doi:10.1061/9780784486139.045
Incomplete Modalities Restoration via Hierarchical Adaptation for Robust Multimodal Segmentation
Sun, Y., Dong, W., Wu, P., Feng, M., Huang, T., Li, X., & Shi, G. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2025.3642612
Modality Adaptive Representation Network for Efficient RGB-T Semantic Segmentation
Zhao, S., Jin, Z., & Zhang, Q. (2025) · IEEE Signal Processing Letters · doi:10.1109/lsp.2025.3619880
Pan, Q., Wei, C., Zhang, L., Tang, Z., & Li, H. (2025) · Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring · doi:10.1784/insi.2025.67.10.628
Geng, J., Zhang, X., Song, S., & Jiang, W. (2025) · IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3647442
Meng, Z., Ji, H., & Hu, X. (2026) · Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing · doi:10.1007/s12652-026-05041-2
Complementary Information Mining for Redundancy and Weakly Aligned RGB-T Semantic Segmentation
Wang, Q., Ouyang, J., Shen, T., Gu, Y., Ullah, S., Al-Antary, M. T., Alasmary, H., Waqas, M. M., Tang, B., & Halim, Z. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1109/tgrs.2026.3654044
Leveraging Vision Foundation Models for RGB-Thermal Semantic Segmentation
Wang, C., & Gong, X. (2026) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-5567-3_30
Hybrid Embedding SAM-Guided Feedback Network for RGB–Thermal Urban Scene Parsing
Yang, X., Sun, Y., Xu, C., Yuan, B., Yang, X., & Yang, Q. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems · doi:10.1109/tsmc.2026.3660340
A multi-modal discrepancy fusion-based RGB-T segmentation network for robotic scene perception
Yixin, H., Zhiwei, Z., Jun, L., & Zhuang, Y. (2026) · Pattern Recognition Letters · doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2026.02.015
Zhiwei, Z., Zhuang, Y., Liu, Y., & Zhang, X. (2026) · Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2026.113334
PDPR: Panoramic-depth place recognition through the fusion of visual and geometric-aware features
Alfaro, M., Cabrera, J. J., Gil, A., Reinoso, O. R., & Payá, L. (2026) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133112
谈, 焜. (2026) · Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Research · doi:10.12677/airr.2026.152061
Wu, J., Du, J., Hao, F., & Hong, J. (2026) · Signal Processing Image Communication · doi:10.1016/j.image.2026.117551
Axial-Relation-Guided Fusion State-Space Model for Optical-Elevation Sensing Image Segmentation
Gao, F., Jin, Z., Gan, Y., Dong, J., & Du, Q. (2026) · IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters · doi:10.1109/lgrs.2026.3694640
Boosting RGB-D Segmentation by Fusing Multi-Robot Perceptual Knowledge
Liu, J., Zhang, W., Li, W., & Liu, H. (2025) · Asian Conference on Artificial Intelligence Technology (ACAIT) · doi:10.1109/acait67930.2025.11522587
MGANet: Multi-prompt Guided Adaptive SAM for Efficient RGB-Thermal Semantic SegmentationPreprint
Du, Q., Shen, Z., lin, Y. 林., Shen, Y., & Yuan, M. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6867576
HD²FI-Net: Hierarchical Dual-Domain Fusion–Interaction Network for RGB-T Semantic Segmentation
Guo, Z., Fei, B., Liu, D., & Zhang, J. (2026) · International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval · doi:10.1145/3805622.3810707
Wang, Y., Yuan, X., Yue, Z., Kong, Y., & Lin, S. (2026) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2026.116471
基于可形变VMamba与特征对齐的无人机多模态图像语义分割 (特邀)
Tao, 张. Z., Ruitao, 卢. L., Yaochen, 李. L., Xueli, 谢. X., Jiwei, 范. F., & Xiaogang, 杨. Y. (2026) · Infrared and Laser Engineering · doi:10.3788/irla20260160
Zhang, Z., Zhang, M., Hou, H., Shi, Q., Meng, F., Li, X., Yang, T., Ren, W., & Jing, P. (2026) · Digital Signal Processing · doi:10.1016/j.dsp.2026.106377
Multi-Modal Transformer Networks for Context-Aware Human–Machine Interaction
Reddy, G. V. S., Poornima, K. J., Venu, M., Balasaraswathi, P., Maragathavalli, P., & Sankar, R. (2026) · International Conference on Computing Theory and Wireless Communications (ICCTWC) · doi:10.1109/icctwc68241.2026.11583200
Multi-scale rectified mixture-of-experts fusion for RGB–Thermal semantic segmentation
Gozler, D., & Topal, C. (2026) · Image and Vision Computing · doi:10.1016/j.imavis.2026.106109
SAR: semantic ambiguity relief network for RGB-T semantic segmentation
Zhao, S., Li, J., Jiao, Q., Zhang, Q., & Han, J. (2026) · Information Fusion · doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2026.104671
DIFF-SB: A process-optimized diffusion model for infrared-visible image fusion using Split Bregman
Liu, Z., Zhang, S., & Sun, Z. (2026) · Infrared Physics & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106797
Jin, Q., Zhang, Y., Peng, C., Hu, J., & Li, L. (2026) · Geo-spatial Information Science · doi:10.1080/10095020.2026.2707066
He, X., Guo, B., Zhao, S., & Han, Y. (2026) · Infrared Physics & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106793
Wang, F., Liu, Q., & Wu, G. (2026) · The Journal of Supercomputing · doi:10.1007/s11227-026-08745-6
Liu, Y., Zhang, W., Chen, X., Ma, Z., Ye, J., Zheng, G. Y., Wang, L., & Hou, W. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1109/tgrs.2026.3724831
Knowledge-guided and reliability-aware fusion network for robust RGB-thermal road scene segmentation
Guo, Y., Chen, Z., Liu, C., Zhao, Y., Jian, M., & Meng, Q. (2026) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2026.133975
Cheng, P., Zhang, L., Wang, B., Liu, J., & Sui, H. (2026) · International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation · doi:10.1016/j.jag.2026.105572
Hu, Z., Hao, Y., Li, J., Li, G., & Wang, L. (2026) · Traffic Injury Prevention · doi:10.1080/15389588.2026.2713113
Depth Adaption SegNet for RGB-T Segmentation
Zhao, S., Zhang, C., Zhu, H., Liu, B., & Zhou, Y. (2026) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app16199702
Fan, Z., Li, Y., Shen, Z., Wang, J., Yang, X., & Wang, J. (2026) · Digital Signal Processing · doi:10.1016/j.dsp.2026.106525
Focus on the Hard: SAM-Based Prompt-Guided Refinement for RGB-T Semantic Segmentation
Wang, Y., Tang, H., Shi, Y., Yang, K., Han, J., & Zhang, D. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2026.3728642
Li, J., Zhang, M., Zhang, W., Jiang, W., & Liu, Z. (2026) · Infrared Physics & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106942
Li, J., Cheng, J., & Cui, K. (2026) · International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn69854.2026.11729185
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhou, W., Liu, J., Lei, J., Yu, L., & Hwang, J.-N.
- Affiliations
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology (CN)
- Zhejiang University (CN)
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
- Published
- 2021
- Volume
- 30
- Pages
- 7790-7802
- ISSN
- 1057-7149 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-0042
- OpenAlex
- W3198062544
- Cited by
- 344
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 90 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 8
- FWCI
- 18.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Image Processing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (61502429, 61972357)
- Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LY18F020012)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Neural Network Applications
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Media Technology › Advanced Image Fusion Techniques
- Keywords
- RGB-thermal fusion, thermal infrared imagery, multilabel learning, cross-modal fusion, shallow and deep feature fusion, boundary supervision, road scene understanding
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review