Intelligent Vehicle Network Routing With Adaptive 3D Beam Alignment for mmWave 5G-Based V2X Communications
Abstract
5G-based millimeter Waves (mmWave) systems have the prospective of enabling > 1Gbps communications in the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). ITS relies on vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications to share information among vehicles. However, the V2X Communications via existing technologies such as DSRC, 3G, 4G and LTE, are not able to achieve such a high data rate. Although 5G-based mmWave can support ultra-low-delay V2X transmissions, it comes with beam alignment difficulties as well as the routing stability issues due to rapid mobility of vehicles. The dynamic vehicle traffic causes frequent beam misalignment which tends to degrade the quality-of-service (QoS) performance. In this paper, we first propose a 3D-based position detection scheme for beam alignment/selection purpose. Then a group-based routing algorithm is performed to select a secure path for achieving trustworthy data transmissions. The road traffic is automatically segmented to divide the vehicles into different groups, and each group head is selected and members are added. Group members are authenticated by the group head via elliptic curve algorithms. Huffman coding is performed to compress the data and encrypt the binary files. This proposed novel intelligent beam control and secure stable routing scheme have been verified in simulations to demonstrate much better performance than existing schemes.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Technologies like dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) and emerging LTE-V and 5G networks provide real-time road and infrastructure data, further aiding in route planning and map development.
“To supplement this, technologies like dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) [81] and emerging LTE-V and 5G networks [89] provide real-time road and infrastructure data, further aiding in route planning and map development.”
From Vehicle-to-Everything Communication in Intelligent Connected Vehicles: A Survey and Taxonomy (2025) · cites this paper as [89]
Rasheed et al. proposed an intelligent beam control and a stable routing scheme.
“Moreover, Rasheed et al. [89] proposed an intelligent beam control and a stable routing scheme.”
From Vehicle-to-Everything Communication in Intelligent Connected Vehicles: A Survey and Taxonomy (2025) · cites this paper as [89]
Cites
Next generation 5G wireless networks: a comprehensive survey
Agiwal, M., Roy, A., & Saxena, N. (2016) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2016.2532458 · Cited by 3,444 · see citing works
Karagiannis, G., Altintas, O., Ekici, E., Heijenk, G., Jarupan, B., Lin, K., & Weil, T. (2011) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/surv.2011.061411.00019 · Cited by 1,529 · see citing works
A survey of millimeter wave communications (mmWave) for 5G: opportunities and challenges
Niu, Y., Li, Y., Jin, D., Su, L., & Vasilakos, A. V. (2015) · Wireless Networks · doi:10.1007/s11276-015-0942-z · Cited by 1,358 · see citing works
Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Communication to Support Massive Automotive Sensing
Choi, J. J., Va, V., Prelcic, N. G., Daniels, R. C., Bhat, C. R., & Heath, R. W. (2016) · IEEE Communications Magazine · doi:10.1109/mcom.2016.1600071cm · Cited by 795 · see citing works
Radar aided beam alignment in MmWave V2I communications supporting antenna diversity
Prelcic, N. G., Méndez-Rial, R., & Heath, R. W. (2016) · Information Theory and Applications Workshop (ITA) · doi:10.1109/ita.2016.7888145 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
SPACF: A Secure Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for VANET With Cuckoo Filter
Cui, J., Zhang, J., Zhong, H., & Xu, Y. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2017.2718101 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
MoZo: A Moving Zone Based Routing Protocol Using Pure V2V Communication in VANETs
Lin, D., Kang, J. C., Squicciarini, A., Wu, Y., Gurung, S., & Tonguz, O. K. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing · doi:10.1109/tmc.2016.2592915 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
An Overview of 3GPP Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything Standards
Wang, X., Mao, S., & Gong, M. X. (2017) · GetMobile Mobile Computing and Communications · doi:10.1145/3161587.3161593 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Codebook Design for Beam Alignment in Millimeter Wave Communication Systems
Zhang, J., Huang, Y., Shi, Q., Wang, J., & Yang, L. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Communications · doi:10.1109/tcomm.2017.2730878 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Modeling and Design of Millimeter-Wave Networks for Highway Vehicular Communication
Tassi, A., Egan, M., Piechocki, R. J., & Nix, A. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2017.2734684 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Conditional Privacy-Preserving Authentication Using Registration List in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
Zhong, H., Huang, B., Cui, J., Xu, Y., & Liu, L. (2017) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2017.2782672 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
(2016) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b19698 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Robust Location-Aided Beam Alignment in Millimeter Wave Massive MIMO
Maschietti, F., Gesbert, D., de Kerret, P., & Wymeersch, H. (2017) · Globecom · doi:10.1109/glocom.2017.8254901 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Link level performance comparison between LTE V2X and DSRC
Hu, J., Chen, S., Zhao, L., Li, Y., Fang, J., Li, B., & Shi, Y. (2017) · Journal of Communications and Information Networks · doi:10.1007/s41650-017-0022-x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
mmWave communications for 5G: implementation challenges and advances
Li, L., Wang, D., Niu, X., Chai, Y., Chen, L., He, L. B., Wu, X., Zheng, F., Cui, T. J., & You, X. (2018) · Science China Information Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11432-017-9262-8 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
An enhanced and secure trust‐extended authentication mechanism for vehicular ad‐hoc networks
Kumari, S., Karuppiah, M., Li, X., Wu, F., Das, A. K., & Odelu, V. (2016) · Security and Communication Networks · doi:10.1002/sec.1602 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Lee, J., Kim, M.-D., Park, J.-J., & Chong, Y. J. (2018) · ETRI Journal · doi:10.4218/etrij.2017-0188 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Shi, M., Lu, C., Zhang, Y., & Yao, D. (2017) · Chinese Automation Congress · doi:10.1109/cac.2017.8242830 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Location error resilient geographical routing for vehicular ad‐hoc networks
Kasana, R., Kumar, S., Kaiwartya, O., Wei, Y., Cao, Y., & Abdullah, A. H. (2017) · IET Intelligent Transport Systems · doi:10.1049/iet-its.2016.0241 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
mmWave channel propagation modeling for V2X communication systems
Antonescu, B., Moayyed, M. T., & Basagni, S. (2017) · IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC) · doi:10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292718 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Blackchain: scalability for resource-constrained accountable vehicle-to-x communication
van der Heijden, R. W., Engelmann, F., Mödinger, D., Schönig, F., & Kargl, F. (2017) · Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Scalable and Resilient Infrastructures for Distributed Ledgers · doi:10.1145/3152824.3152828 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Lo, C., & Kuo, Y.-H. (2016) · IET Communications · doi:10.1049/iet-com.2015.1016 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
BIIR: A Beacon Information Independent VANET Routing Algorithm with Low Broadcast Overhead
Kumar, N., & Dave, M. (2015) · Wireless Personal Communications · doi:10.1007/s11277-015-2620-y · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Secure Vehicular Communication Using ID Based Signature Scheme
Jenefa, J., & Anita, E. A. M. (2017) · Wireless Personal Communications · doi:10.1007/s11277-017-4923-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
An Efficient Noma V2X Communication Scheme in the Internet of Vehicles
Khoueiry, B. W., & Soleymani, M. R. (2017) · IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference · doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2017.8108427 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Low Complexity Hybrid Beamforming for Uplink Multiuser mmWave MIMO Systems
Zhu, Y., & Yang, T. (2017) · IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference · doi:10.1109/wcnc.2017.7925850 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Smart Technologies and Vehicle‐to‐X ( V2X ) Infrastructures for Smart Mobility Cities
Fong, B., Situ, L., & Fong, A. C. M. (2017) · Smart Cities · doi:10.1002/9781119226444.ch7 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Wagon Next Point Routing Protocol (WNPRP) in VANET
Chinnasamy, A., Prakash, S., & Selvakumari, P. (2016) · Wireless Personal Communications · doi:10.1007/s11277-016-3236-6 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Rasheed, I. (2016) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b19698-7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationAttribute-based authenticated protocol for secure communication of VANET
Yiliang, H., Xi, L., Di, J., & Dingyi, F. (2017) · Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC) · doi:10.1109/ccdc.2017.7979214 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Anonymous Group Message Authentication Protocol for LTE‐based V2X Communications
Liu, D., Ni, J., Lin, X., & Shen, X. (2017) · Internet Technology Letters · doi:10.1002/itl2.25 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
An adaptive channel estimation algorithm for millimeter wave cellular systems
Lu, W., Zou, W., & Liu, X. (2016) · Journal of Communications and Information Networks · doi:10.1007/bf03391556 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
TEAC: Timed efficient asymmetric cryptography for enhancing security in VANET
Mahagaonkar, S. V., & Dongre, N. M. (2017) · International Conference on Nascent Technologies in Engineering · doi:10.1109/icnte.2017.7947968 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Enhanced Binary Search Time-Efficient mmWave Beamforming Algorithm for NLOS Environments
Yaman, Y., & Spasojević, P. (2017) · IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference · doi:10.1109/wcnc.2017.7925939 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Multicast Beamforming Capabilities of LTE MBSFN for V2X Communications
Safiulin, I., Schwarz, Š., & Rupp, M. (2017) · IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference · doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2017.8287988 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Space-Time Alignment for Channel Estimation in Millimeter Wave Communication with Beam Sweeping
Lee, J.-H., Kang, M., Oh, J., & Lee, Y. H. (2017) · Globecom · doi:10.1109/glocom.2017.8254894 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Access and connectivity probability for V2X communication networks
Li, C., Zhen, A., Zeng, F., Xuelong, H., & Haitao, W. (2017) · IEEE International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments · doi:10.1109/icemi.2017.8265783 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Shin, J. W., Kim, J. S., Shah, S. T., Bae, J., & Chung, M. Y. (2015) · International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication (IMCOM) · doi:10.1145/2701126.2701211 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
V2X Communication for Road Safety and Efficiency
Ress, C., & Wiecker, M. (2016) · Auto Tech Review · doi:10.1365/s40112-016-1070-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Poster: Connectivity analysis of millimeter wave vehicular networks
Giordani, M., Rebato, M., Zanella, A., & Zorzi, M. (2017) · IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC) · doi:10.1109/vnc.2017.8275656 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rasheed, I. (2016) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b19698-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 42 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Resource Allocation in 5G IoV Architecture Based on SDN and Fog-Cloud Computing
Cao, B., Sun, Z., Zhang, J., & Gu, Y. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2020.3048844 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
On 5G-V2X Use Cases and Enabling Technologies: A Comprehensive Survey
Alalewi, A., Dayoub, I., & Cherkaoui, S. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3100472 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Chang, B., Tang, W., Yan, X., Tong, X., & Chen, Z. (2022) · IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications · doi:10.1109/jsac.2022.3157366 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Du, Y., Qin, B., Zhao, C., Zhu, Y., Cao, J., & Ji, Y. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3119079 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Spectrum Options and Allocations for 6G: A Regulatory and Standardization Review
Alsaedi, W. K., Ahmadi, H., Khan, Z., & Grace, D. (2023) · IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society · doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3301630 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Mobility Support for Millimeter Wave Communications: Opportunities and Challenges
Li, J., Niu, Y., Wu, H., Ai, B., Chen, S., Feng, Z., Zhong, Z. D., & Wang, N. (2022) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2022.3176802 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Ghorai, P., Eskandarian, A., Kim, Y., & Mehr, G. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3160932 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Vehicle-to-Everything Communication in Intelligent Connected Vehicles: A Survey and Taxonomy
Zhang, X., Li, J., Zhou, J., Zhang, S., Wang, J., Yuan, Y., Liu, J., & Li, J. (2025) · Automotive Innovation · doi:10.1007/s42154-024-00310-2 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Deep Learning on Multimodal Sensor Data at the Wireless Edge for Vehicular Network
Salehi, B., Reus-Muns, G., Roy, D., Wang, Z., Jian, T., Dy, J., Ioannidis, S., & Chowdhury, K. R. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3170733 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
FLASH: Federated Learning for Automated Selection of High-band mmWave Sectors
Salehi, B., Gu, J., Roy, D., & Chowdhury, K. R. (2022) · IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM) · doi:10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796865 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
A Survey of VANET/V2X Routing From the Perspective of Non-Learning- and Learning-Based Approaches
Chatterjee, T., Karmakar, R., Kaddoum, G., Chattopadhyay, S., & Chakraborty, S. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3152767 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Zero-touch networks: Towards next-generation network automation
Rajab, M. E., Yang, L., & Shami, A. (2024) · Comput. Networks · doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2024.110294 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Rasheed, I., Hu, F., & Zhang, L. (2020) · Vehicular Communications · doi:10.1016/j.vehcom.2020.100266 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citation6G for intelligent transportation systems: standards, technologies, and challenges
Jha, A. V., Appasani, B., Khan, M. S., Zeadally, S., & Katib, I. A. (2024) · Telecommunication Systems · doi:10.1007/s11235-024-01126-5 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Rasheed, I., Asif, M., Ihsan, A., Khan, W. U., Ahmed, M., & Rabie, K. M. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3187941 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationIntelligent Beam Steering for Wireless Communication Using Programmable Metasurfaces
Ashraf, N., Saeed, T., Taghvaee, H., Abadal, S., Vassiliou, V., Liaskos, C., Pitsillides, A., & Lestas, M. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3241214 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Ju, Y., Gao, Z., Wang, H., Liu, L., Pei, Q., Dong, M., Mumtaz, S., & Leung, V. C. M. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3394130 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Rasheed, I., & Hu, F. (2020) · Vehicular Communications · doi:10.1016/j.vehcom.2020.100303 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationA privacy preserving scheme for vehicle-to-everything communications using 5G mobile edge computing
Rasheed, I., Zhang, L., & Hu, F. (2020) · Computer Networks · doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107283 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationBhattacharya, P., Tanwar, S., Bodkhe, U., Kumar, A., & Kumar, N. (2021) · Wireless Personal Communications · doi:10.1007/s11277-021-08732-5 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
A Secure and Efficient Lightweight Vehicle Group Authentication Protocol in 5G Networks
Miao, J., Wang, Z., Miao, X., & Xing, L. (2021) · Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing · doi:10.1155/2021/4079092 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
6Blocks: 6G-enabled trust management scheme for decentralized autonomous vehicles
Bhattacharya, P., Shukla, A., Tanwar, S., Kumar, N., & Sharma, R. (2022) · Computer Communications · doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2022.04.024 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Matrouk, K., Trabelsi, Y., Gomathy, V., Kumar, U. A., Rathish, C. R., & Parthasarathy, P. (2022) · Optik · doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2022.170374 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
A Review on Millimeter-Wave Hybrid Beamforming for Wireless Intelligent Transport Systems
Shahjehan, W., Rathore, R. S., Shah, S. W., Aljaidi, M., Sadiq, A. S., & Kaiwartya, O. (2024) · Future Internet · doi:10.3390/fi16090337 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Optimal Routing for Beamforming-Constrained Swarm UAS Networking
Wang, J., Liu, Y., Niu, S., & Song, H. H. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnse.2020.3040311 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Performance Evaluation of 5G Millimeter-Wave-Based Vehicular Communication for Connected Vehicles
Khan, Z., Khan, S. M., Chowdhury, M. A., Rahman, M., & Islam, M. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3158669 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Rasheed, I. (2022) · Vehicular Communications · doi:10.1016/j.vehcom.2022.100532 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationZhou, T., Liu, W., Zhang, M., & Jia, J. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3317095 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
A Novel mmWave Beam Alignment Approach for Beyond 5G Autonomous Vehicle Networks
Benelmir, R., Bitam, S., Fowler, S. A., & Mellouk, A. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3313548 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Reinforcement learning for cost-effective IoT service caching at the edge
Huang, B., Liu, X., Xiang, Y., Yu, D., Deng, S., & Wang, S. (2022) · Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing · doi:10.1016/j.jpdc.2022.06.008 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Kose, A., Lee, H., Foh, C. H., & Shojafar, M. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3351488 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A Hybrid Security Scheme for Inter-vehicle Communication in Content Centric Vehicular Networks
Tandon, R., & Gupta, P. K. (2023) · Wireless Personal Communications · doi:10.1007/s11277-023-10175-z · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Signalling Design in Sensor-Assisted mmWave Communications for Cooperative Driving
Ciaramitaro, G., Brambilla, M., Nicoli, M., & Spagnolini, U. (2023) · IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/ojits.2023.3288396 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Salehi, B., Roy, D., Gu, J., Dick, C., & Chowdhury, K. R. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing · doi:10.1109/tmc.2024.3401046 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Advanced High-Speed Lane Keeping System of Autonomous Vehicle with Sideslip Angle Estimation
Wang, H., Liu, B., & Qiao, J. (2022) · Machines · doi:10.3390/machines10040257 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Reinforcement Learning-Based Online Scheduling of Multiple Workflows in Edge Environment
Huang, B., Wang, L., Liu, X., Huang, Z., Yin, Y., Zhu, F., Wang, S., & Deng, S. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management · doi:10.1109/tnsm.2024.3428496 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Integration of Sensing and Localization in V2X Sidelink Communications
Bartoletti, S., Decarli, N., Masini, B. M., Giovannetti, C., Zanella, A., Bazzi, A., & Stirling-Gallacher, R. A. (2024) · IEEE Communications Magazine · doi:10.1109/mcom.001.2300748 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
From Perception to Computation: Revisiting Delay Optimization for Connected Autonomous Vehicles
Liu, T., Wang, S., Dong, Z., Li, B., & He, T. (2025) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3718361 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
He, M., Ni, J., He, Y., & Zhang, N. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3138702 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Alsaleh, A. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104892 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Rasheed, I. (2022) · Physical Communication · doi:10.1016/j.phycom.2022.101619 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, X., Cheng, S., Wu, R., Wu, D.-D., & Wang, W. (2024) · Computers & Electrical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compeleceng.2024.109342 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
AI-Based Message Spam Classification Framework for Secure Autonomous Vehicles Communication
Upadhyay, R., Virani, M., Pathak, L., Gupta, R., Tanwar, S., & Shahinzadeh, H. (2024) · International Conference on Information and Knowledge Technology (IKT) · doi:10.1109/ikt65497.2024.10892722 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Mathematical Modeling Methods and Their Application in the Analysis of Complex Signal Systems
Li, Y. (2022) · Advances in Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1155/2022/1816814 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kumar, P. M., Konstantinou, C., Basheer, S., Manogaran, G., Rawal, B. S., & Babu, G. C. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3191757 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A Budgeted Maximum Coverage based mmWave Enabled 5G RSUs Placement in Urban Vehicular Networks
Laha, M., & Datta, R. (2021) · International Conference on Communication Systems & Networks (COMSNETS) · doi:10.1109/comsnets51098.2021.9352851 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
3D Beamforming Based on Deep Learning for Secure Communication in 5G and Beyond Wireless Networks
Yang, H., Lam, K., Nie, J., Zhao, J., Garg, S., Xiao, L., Xiong, Z., & Guizani, M. (2021) · IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps) · doi:10.1109/gcwkshps52748.2021.9681960 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
UAV‐Assisted Sensor Data Dissemination in mmWave Vehicular Networks Based on Network Coding
Huang, S., Huang, C., Wu, D.-F., Yin, Y., Ashraf, M. W. A., & Fu, B. (2022) · Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing · doi:10.1155/2022/2576182 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
2021 Index IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems Vol. 22
(2021) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3139738 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A Survey and New Perspective of Sensing in the Dark for Intelligent Transportation Systems
Wang, Y., Li, B., Wei, Z., Rahman, A., Gummadi, D., Zhao, H., & Donzella, V. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3600557 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Nauman, A., Haider, S. K., Khurshaid, T., & Kim, S. W. (2025) · Mobile Networks and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11036-025-02464-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Improved STCA Model for Multi-Lane Using Driving Guidance under CVIS
Li, X., Ma, W., Zhao, Z., Bashir, M., Wang, W., & Wang, X. (2022) · Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences · doi:10.32604/cmes.2022.020019 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kanthasamy, N., & Wyglinski, A. M. (2025) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics14030510 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Digital Twin-Enabled Blockage-Aware Dynamic mmWave Multi-Hop V2X Communication
Roongpraiwan, S., Li, Z., Yu, T., & Sakaguchi, K. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3583879 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Chang, B., Chen, Z., Tang, W., Li, L., Zhang, H., & Liao, X. (2021) · IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks · doi:10.1109/dyspan53946.2021.9677081 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Assiimwe, E., & Wondie, Y. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s222410019 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Li, Y., Ni, J., & Hu, J. (2023) · IET Intelligent Transport Systems · doi:10.1049/itr2.12283 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Digital Twin Empowered mmWave Multi-Hop V2X Routing Scheme With UAV Assistance
Zhou, T., Wu, X., & Zhang, X. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing · doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3556091 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Trung, N. H., Anh, N. T., & Liu, F. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-16016-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A Joint Radar- and GPS- aided Beam Management at Infrastructure
Bezzetto, L., Rinaldi, L., Linsalata, F., Tagliaferri, D., Mizmizi, M., Magarini, M., Badini, D., Mazzucco, C., & Spagnolini, U. (2022) · Mediterranean Microwave Symposium · doi:10.1109/mms55062.2022.9825509 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Maximize Potential Reserved Task Scheduling for URLLC Transmission and Edge Computing
Guan, P., & Deng, X. (2020) · IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference · doi:10.1109/vtc2020-fall49728.2020.9348504 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
MTRCP: Multimodal Two-Level Fusion Architecture for Roadside Cooperative Perception
Xiang, C. J., Liu, J., Chang, Y., Xu, H., Niu, Z., & Yang, M. (2025) · IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine · doi:10.1109/mits.2025.3565617 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
GPS-Denied ISAC Vehicle Localization Based on mmWave Radar and Identification
Long, W.-X., Song, W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., Moretti, M., & Chen, R. (2025) · IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/ojvt.2025.3596143 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Tong, L., He, W., & Shi, L. (2023) · Engineering Optimization · doi:10.1080/0305215x.2023.2256678 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Integration of DSRC, mmWave, and THz Bands in a 6G CR-SDVN
Riaz, U., Rafid, M., Ghafoor, H., & Koo, I. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25051580 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Computer Vision-Based Link Scheduling in mmWave Multi-Hop V2X Communications
Xu, W., Zhao, C., Gao, F., Xing, L., Qian, J., & Wang, H. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Communications · doi:10.1109/tcomm.2024.3523974 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sidelink Evolution Toward Enhanced Data Rate: Experimental and Simulation Validation
Kim, J., Wang, Y., Yan, D., Guan, K., & Chung, H. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3566265 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
BFP-Net: A DL-based ISAC beamforming prediction method for extended vehicle
Chen, P., Zhou, T., Chen, Z., Meng, F., & Liu, J. (2025) · Vehicular Communications · doi:10.1016/j.vehcom.2025.100945 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sensing-Based Beamformed Resource Allocation in Standalone Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Networks
Traspadini, A., Deshpande, A. A., Giordani, M., Mahabal, C., Shimizu, T., & Zorzi, M. (2025) · International Conference on Communications · doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161005 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Alohali, M. A., Alqahtani, H., Darem, A. A., Abdullah, M., Nam, Y., & Abouhawwash, M. (2025) · PeerJ Computer Science · doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.2823 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cloud computing-based Elliptic Curve Augmented Encryption framework for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks
Sharma, R. K., & Hourany, L. (2020) · International Conference on Innovative Technologies in Intelligent Systems and Industrial Applications (CITISIA) · doi:10.1109/citisia50690.2020.9371811 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Beacon-less Relay-node Selection Method for 3-D Scenarios in Internet of Vehicle
Cao, D., Cao, D. L. D., Li, O. A. D., Alfarraj, A. T. O., & Kim, G.-J. (2022) · 網際網路技術學刊 · doi:10.53106/160792642022092305012 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lv, T., Shi, L., & He, W. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4051555 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mobile 5G millimeter-wave multi-antenna systems
Ballesteros, C. (2022) · doi:10.5821/dissertation-2117-371537 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Khan, Z., Khan, S. M., Chowdhury, M. A., Rahman, M., & Islam, M. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2008.06568
Lyu, T., Shi, L., & He, W. (2024) · Journal of Social Computing · doi:10.23919/jsc.2024.0002
Khanam, A., Basharat, M. R., Ghafoor, H., & Koo, I. (2025) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2025.3587894
Beyond the Haze: Leveraging SDVNs for Safe Navigation in Fog-Intensive Environment
Sohail, F., & Ghafoor, H. (2024) · IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps) · doi:10.1109/gcwkshp64532.2024.11100293
Collaborative Perception for Self-driving Vehicles Using Federated Learning on Edge Devices
Huang, Q., Cai, X., Wang, X., Peng, J., & Yang, K. (2025) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-1331-4_10
Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for UAV Control Based on Communication Control Transmission Rate
Jiang, S., Xu, D., Peng, M., & Zhao, Z. (2025) · doi:10.1109/icnlp65360.2025.11108446
Subramanian, A., & Oliveira, A. M. (2025) · Vehicular Communications · doi:10.1016/j.vehcom.2025.100966
Menon, A. G., Krishnan, P., & Lal, S. (2025) · Engineering Research Express · doi:10.1088/2631-8695/ae2dc3
Harish, T. R., Janarthanan, K., Karthick, K., & Kumar, R. S. (2026) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0298117
V-BaSiC: Blockchain and AI-based Framework for Spam Identification in V2X Communication
Shah, K., Thakkar, M., Pathak, L., Upadhyay, R., Gupta, R., Tanwar, S., Gawanmeh, A., & Saleem, K. (2025) · International Conference on Signal Processing and Information Security (ICSPIS) · doi:10.1109/icspis67605.2025.11318398
Liu, F., Li, X., Gao, W., Xiong, J., Niu, G., & Chen, C. S. (2026) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3669716
- Authors
- Rasheed, I., Hu, F., Hong, Y.-K., & Balasubramanian, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
- Published
- 2021-05
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2706-2718
- ISSN
- 1524-9050 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-0016
- OpenAlex
- W3008638138
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 4.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) IUCRC program (1650564)
- Center for Advanced Vehicle Technologies (CAVT), The University of Alabama, Alabama, AL, USA
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Traffic control and management
- Keywords
- vehicle-to-everything communication, 5G millimeter-wave, beam misalignment, Huffman coding, data encryption, intelligent transportation systems, vehicle mobility
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
