The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cost-Sensitive Learning of Deep Feature Representations From Imbalanced Data
Open accessAbstract
Class imbalance is a common problem in the case of real-world object detection and classification tasks. Data of some classes are abundant, making them an overrepresented majority, and data of other classes are scarce, making them an underrepresented minority. This imbalance makes it challenging for a classifier to appropriately learn the discriminating boundaries of the majority and minority classes. In this paper, we propose a cost-sensitive (CoSen) deep neural network, which can automatically learn robust feature representations for both the majority and minority classes. During training, our learning procedure jointly optimizes the class-dependent costs and the neural network parameters. The proposed approach is applicable to both binary and multiclass problems without any modification. Moreover, as opposed to data-level approaches, we do not alter the original data distribution, which results in a lower computational cost during the training process. We report the results of our experiments on six major image classification data sets and show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the baseline algorithms. Comparisons with popular data sampling techniques and CoSen classifiers demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed method.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks
Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., & Hinton, G. E. (2017) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3065386 · Cited by 112,155
LIBSVM: A library for support vector machines
Chang, C.-C., & Lin, C.-J. (2011) · ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology · doi:10.1145/1961189.1961199 · Cited by 40,918
SMOTE synthetic minority over-sampling technique
Chawla, N. V., Bowyer, K. W., Hall, L. O., & Kegelmeyer, W. P. (2002) · Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research · doi:10.1613/jair.953 · Cited by 32,865
Rich Feature Hierarchies for Accurate Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation
Girshick, R., Donahue, J., Darrell, T., & Malik, J. (2014) · 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2014.81 · Cited by 32,684
DeCAF: A Deep Convolutional Activation Feature for Generic Visual Recognition
Donahue, J., Jia, Y., Vinyals, O., Hoffman, J., Zhang, N., Tzeng, E., & Darrell, T. (2013) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1310.1531 · Cited by 4,019
Locality-constrained Linear Coding for image classification
Wang, J., Yang, J., Yu, K., Lv, F., Huang, T., & Gong, Y. (2010) · 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2010.5540018 · Cited by 3,100
Training deep neural networks on imbalanced data sets
Wang, S., Liu, W., Wu, J., Cao, L., Meng, Q., & Kennedy, P. J. (2016) · 2016 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2016.7727770 · Cited by 491
KBA: kernel boundary alignment considering imbalanced data distribution
Wu, G., & Chang, E. Y. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering · doi:10.1109/tkde.2005.95 · Cited by 380
Cited by
Object Detection With Deep Learning: A Review
Zhao, Z.-Q., Zheng, P., Xu, S.-T., & Wu, X. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems · doi:10.1109/tnnls.2018.2876865 · Cited by 5,545
Class-Balanced Loss Based on Effective Number of Samples
Cui, Y., Jia, M., Lin, T.-Y., Song, Y., & Belongie, S. (2019) · 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2019.00949 · Cited by 3,094
A systematic study of the class imbalance problem in convolutional neural networks
Buda, M., Maki, A., & Mazurowski, M. A. (2018) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2018.07.011 · Cited by 3,088
“Some previous studies showed results on cost sensitive learning of deep neural networks [24, 25, 26].”
ResultSurvey on deep learning with class imbalance
Johnson, J. M., & Khoshgoftaar, T. M. (2019) · Journal of Big Data · doi:10.1186/s40537-019-0192-5 · Cited by 3,032
Deep learning for smart manufacturing: Methods and applications
Wang, J., Ma, Y., Zhang, L., Gao, R. X., & Wu, D. (2018) · Journal of Manufacturing Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jmsy.2018.01.003 · Cited by 1,740
Metadata
- Authors
- Khan, S. H., Hayat, M., Bennamoun, M., Sohel, F. A., & Togneri, R.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
- Published
- 2018-08
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 3573-3587
- ISSN
- 2162-237X (ISSN-L)
- 2162-2388
- OpenAlex
- W1753659477
- Cited by
- 967
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 45.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Cost-Sensitive Learning of Deep Feature Representations From Imbalanced Data. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/tnnls.2017.2732482
- The paper
- Khan, S. H., Hayat, M., Bennamoun, M., Sohel, F. A., & Togneri, R. (2018). Cost-Sensitive Learning of Deep Feature Representations From Imbalanced Data. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2017.2732482
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.