Cited by 3,100Advanced Image and Video Retrieval TechniquesImage Retrieval and Classification TechniquesAdvanced Neural Network Applications

Locality-constrained Linear Coding for image classification

Wang, Jinjun, Yang, Jianchao, Yu, Kai, Lv, Fengjun, Huang, Thomas, Gong, Yihong·2010·2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

Abstract

The traditional SPM approach based on bag-of-features (BoF) requires nonlinear classifiers to achieve good image classification performance. This paper presents a simple but effective coding scheme called Locality-constrained Linear Coding (LLC) in place of the VQ coding in traditional SPM. LLC utilizes the locality constraints to project each descriptor into its local-coordinate system, and the projected coordinates are integrated by max pooling to generate the final representation. With linear classifier, the proposed approach performs remarkably better than the traditional nonlinear SPM, achieving state-of-the-art performance on several benchmarks. Compared with the sparse coding strategy [22], the objective function used by LLC has an analytical solution. In addition, the paper proposes a fast approximated LLC method by first performing a K-nearest-neighbor search and then solving a constrained least square fitting problem, bearing computational complexity of O(M + K2). Hence even with very large codebooks, our system can still process multiple frames per second. This efficiency significantly adds to the practical values of LLC for real applications.

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Crossref · 10.1109/cvpr.2010.5540018

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Authors
Wang, J., Yang, J., Yu, K., Lv, F., Huang, T., & Gong, Y.
Affiliations
  • University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
  • NEC (United States) (US)
Venue
2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Publisher
IEEE
Published
2010-06
Pages
3360-3367
ISSN
1063-6919 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2027922120
Cited by
3,100
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 124 · 2019: 198 · 2018: 275 · 2017: 336 · 2016: 420 · 2015: 473 · 2014: 417 · 2013: 296 · 2012: 176
FWCI
154.25
Type
conference paper
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Neural Network Applications
Keywords
locality-constrained linear coding, bag of visual words, image classification, local coordinate system, max pooling, linear classifiers, k-nearest neighbor search, constrained least squares, real-time processing

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