The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Use of Sieves to Stabilize Images Produced with the EM Algorithm for Emission Tomography
Abstract
Images produced in emission tomography with the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm have been observed to become more 'noisy' as the algorithm converges towards the maximum-likelihood estimate. We argue in this paper that there is an instability which is fundamental to maximum-likelihood estimation as it is usually applied and, therefore, is not a result of using the EM algorithm, which is but one numerical implementation for producing maximum-likelihood estimates. We show how Grenader's method of sieves can be used with the EM algorithm to remove the instability and thereby decrease the 'noise' artifact introduced into the images with little or no increase in computational complexity.
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Citations
Cites
Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data Via the EM Algorithm
Dempster, A. P., Laird, N. M., & Rubin, D. B. (1977) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x · Cited by 50,444
On Estimation of a Probability Density Function and Mode
Parzen, E. (1962) · The Annals of Mathematical Statistics · doi:10.1214/aoms/1177704472 · Cited by 10,585
Optimization by Vector Space Methods
(1970) · Students Quarterly Journal · doi:10.1049/sqj.1970.0088 · Cited by 6,004
Remarks on Some Nonparametric Estimates of a Density Function
Rosenblatt, M. (1956) · The Annals of Mathematical Statistics · doi:10.1214/aoms/1177728190 · Cited by 4,547
Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data via the EM Algorithm
Dempster, A. P., Laird, N. M., & Rubin, D. B. (1976) · Cited by 4,517
Maximum Likelihood Reconstruction for Emission Tomography
Shepp, L. A., & Vardi, Y. (1982) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.1982.4307558 · Cited by 4,429
Jacob, M. (1989) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/001789698904800401 · Cited by 3,090
Nonparametric probability density estimation
Tapia, R. A., & Thompson, J. (1978) · Cited by 454
Image Separation Radioisotope Scanning
Kuhl, D. E., & Edwards, R. Q. (1963) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/80.4.653 · Cited by 423
Non-parametric Roughness Penalty for Probability Densities
GOOD, I. J. (1971) · Nature Physical Science · doi:10.1038/physci229029a0 · Cited by 411
Cited by
Bayesian reconstructions from emission tomography data using a modified EM algorithm
Green, P. J. (1990) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/42.52985 · Cited by 1,241
Computational anatomy: an emerging discipline
Grenander, U., & Miller, M. I. (1998) · Quarterly of Applied Mathematics · doi:10.1090/qam/1668732 · Cited by 623
Self-citationA generalized EM algorithm for 3-D Bayesian reconstruction from Poisson data using Gibbs priors
Hebert, T., & Leahy, R. (1989) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/42.24868 · Cited by 622
A local update strategy for iterative reconstruction from projections
Sauer, K., & Bouman, C. (1993) · IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/78.193196 · Cited by 494
Practical considerations for 3-D image reconstruction using spherically symmetric volume elements
Matej, S., & Lewitt, R. M. (1996) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/42.481442 · Cited by 314
Metadata
- Authors
- Snyder, D. L., & Miller, M. I.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
- Published
- 1985-10
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 3864-3872
- ISSN
- 0018-9499 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2049032689
- Cited by
- 278
- References
- 20
- FWCI
- 5.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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