Cited by 1,921Advanced Image and Video Retrieval TechniquesImage Retrieval and Classification TechniquesAdvanced Neural Network Applications

80 Million Tiny Images: A Large Data Set for Nonparametric Object and Scene Recognition

Torralba, A., Fergus, R., Freeman, W.T.·2008·IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

Abstract

With the advent of the Internet, billions of images are now freely available online and constitute a dense sampling of the visual world. Using a variety of non-parametric methods, we explore this world with the aid of a large dataset of 79,302,017 images collected from the Internet. Motivated by psychophysical results showing the remarkable tolerance of the human visual system to degradations in image resolution, the images in the dataset are stored as 32 x 32 color images. Each image is loosely labeled with one of the 75,062 non-abstract nouns in English, as listed in the Wordnet lexical database. Hence the image database gives a comprehensive coverage of all object categories and scenes. The semantic information from Wordnet can be used in conjunction with nearest-neighbor methods to perform object classification over a range of semantic levels minimizing the effects of labeling noise. For certain classes that are particularly prevalent in the dataset, such as people, we are able to demonstrate a recognition performance comparable to class-specific Viola-Jones style detectors.

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Authors
Torralba, A., Fergus, R., & Freeman, W. T.
Affiliations
  • MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (US)
  • Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences (US)
Venue
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Published
2008-11
Volume
30
Issue
11
Pages
1958-1970
ISSN
0162-8828 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2145607950
Cited by
1,921
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 27 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 89 · 2022: 113 · 2021: 119 · 2020: 107 · 2019: 111 · 2018: 104 · 2017: 139 · 2016: 114 · 2015: 163 · 2014: 132 · 2013: 136 · 2012: 132
FWCI
145.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative
  • Office of Naval Research
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Neural Network Applications
Keywords
object recognition, scene classification, nonparametric statistics, low-resolution images, WordNet, semantic annotation, nearest neighbor classification, human detection, Viola-Jones algorithm
MeSH terms
Artificial Intelligence, Database Management Systems, Documentation, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Pattern Recognition, Automated, Databases, Factual, Information Storage and Retrieval, Internet

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