80 Million Tiny Images: A Large Data Set for Nonparametric Object and Scene Recognition
Abstract
With the advent of the Internet, billions of images are now freely available online and constitute a dense sampling of the visual world. Using a variety of non-parametric methods, we explore this world with the aid of a large dataset of 79,302,017 images collected from the Internet. Motivated by psychophysical results showing the remarkable tolerance of the human visual system to degradations in image resolution, the images in the dataset are stored as 32 x 32 color images. Each image is loosely labeled with one of the 75,062 non-abstract nouns in English, as listed in the Wordnet lexical database. Hence the image database gives a comprehensive coverage of all object categories and scenes. The semantic information from Wordnet can be used in conjunction with nearest-neighbor methods to perform object classification over a range of semantic levels minimizing the effects of labeling noise. For certain classes that are particularly prevalent in the dataset, such as people, we are able to demonstrate a recognition performance comparable to class-specific Viola-Jones style detectors.
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- Authors
- Torralba, A., Fergus, R., & Freeman, W. T.
- Affiliations
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (US)
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
- Published
- 2008-11
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1958-1970
- ISSN
- 0162-8828 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2145607950
- Cited by
- 1,921
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 89 · 2022: 113 · 2021: 119 · 2020: 107 · 2019: 111 · 2018: 104 · 2017: 139 · 2016: 114 · 2015: 163 · 2014: 132 · 2013: 136 · 2012: 132
- FWCI
- 145.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative
- Office of Naval Research
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Neural Network Applications
- Keywords
- object recognition, scene classification, nonparametric statistics, low-resolution images, WordNet, semantic annotation, nearest neighbor classification, human detection, Viola-Jones algorithm
- MeSH terms
- Artificial Intelligence, Database Management Systems, Documentation, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Pattern Recognition, Automated, Databases, Factual, Information Storage and Retrieval, Internet
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