The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Experimental Determination of the ZIP Coefficients for Modern Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Loads
Abstract
This paper presents the experimental determination of the ZIP coefficients model to represent (static) modern loads under varying voltage conditions. ZIP are the coefficients of a load model comprised of constant impedance Z, constant current I, and constant power P loads. A ZIP coefficient load model is used to represent power consumed by a load as a function of voltage. A series of surveys was performed on typical residential, commercial, and industrial customers in New York City. Household appliances and industrial equipment found in the different locations were tested in the laboratory by varying the voltage from 1.1-p.u. voltage to 0 and back to 1.1 pu in steps of 3 V to obtain the individual P- V, Q- V, and I- V characteristics. Customer load tables were built using seasonal factors and duty cycles to form weighted contributions for each device in every customer class. The loads found in several residential classes were assembled and tested in the lab. It was found that modern appliances behave quite differently than older appliances even from only 10 years back. Models of the different customer classes were validated against actual recordings of load variations under voltage reduction.
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Citations
Cites
Power System Stability and Control
Kundur, P. (1994) · Cited by 19,639
Load representation for dynamic performance analysis (of power systems)
Price, W. W., Chiang, H., Clark, H. K., Concordia, C., Lee, D. C., Hsu, J. C., Ihara, S., King, C., Lin, C., Mansour, Y., et al. (1993) · IEEE Transactions on Power Systems · doi:10.1109/59.260837 · Cited by 938
Standard load models for power flow and dynamic performance simulation
(1995) · IEEE Transactions on Power Systems · doi:10.1109/59.466523 · Cited by 635
Load Representation in Power System Stability Studies
Concordia, C., & Ihara, S. (1982) · IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems · doi:10.1109/tpas.1982.317163 · Cited by 326
Díaz-Aguiló, M., Sandraz, J., Macwan, R., de León, F., Czarkowski, D., Comack, C., & Wang, D. M. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery · doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2013.2271095 · Cited by 142
Self-citationMulti-State Load Models for Distribution System Analysis
Schneider, K. P., Fuller, J., & Chassin, D. P. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Power Systems · doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2011.2132154 · Cited by 118
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Jha, R. R., Dubey, A., Liu, C.-C., & Schneider, K. P. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Power Systems · doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2018.2890613 · Cited by 169
Linear method for steady-state analysis of radial distribution systems
Di Fazio, A. R., Russo, M., Valeri, S., & De Santis, M. (2018) · International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems · doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.02.001 · Cited by 63
Analyzing Distribution Transformer Degradation with Increased Power Electronic Loads
Mitra, B., Singhal, A., Kundu, S., & Ogle, J. P. (2023) · 2023 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT) · doi:10.1109/isgt51731.2023.10066387 · Cited by 13
Load-Dependent Active Thermal Control of Grid-Forming Converters
Andresen, M., De Carne, G., & Liserre, M. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/tia.2020.2966573 · Cited by 10
Kaba, A. B., Doğan, R., & Akarslan, E. (2026) · International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems · doi:10.1515/ijeeps-2026-0025
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bokhari, A., Alkan, A., Dogan, R., Diaz-Aguilo, M., de Leon, F., Czarkowski, D., Zabar, Z., Birenbaum, L., Noel, A., & Uosef, R. E.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery
- Published
- 2014-06
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1372-1381
- ISSN
- 0885-8977 (ISSN-L)
- 1937-4208
- OpenAlex
- W2024353911
- Cited by
- 366
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 8.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Bokhari, A., Alkan, A., Dogan, R., Diaz-Aguilo, M., de Leon, F., Czarkowski, D., Zabar, Z., Birenbaum, L., Noel, A., & Uosef, R. E. (2014). Experimental Determination of the ZIP Coefficients for Modern Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Loads. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2013.2285096
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
