Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 784

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Malicious Data Attacks on the Smart Grid

Kosut, Oliver, Jia, Liyan, Thomas, Robert J., Tong, Lang·2011·IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
DOI 10.1109/tsg.2011.2163807
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Malicious attacks against power systems are investigated, in which an adversary controls a set of meters and is able to alter the measurements from those meters. Two regimes of attacks are considered. The strong attack regime is where the adversary attacks a sufficient number of meters so that the network state becomes unobservable by the control center. For attacks in this regime, the smallest set of attacked meters capable of causing network unobservability is characterized using a graph theoretic approach. By casting the problem as one of minimizing a supermodular graph functional, the problem of identifying the smallest set of vulnerable meters is shown to have polynomial complexity. For the weak attack regime where the adversary controls only a small number of meters, the problem is examined from a decision theoretic perspective for both the control center and the adversary. For the control center, a generalized likelihood ratio detector is proposed that incorporates historical data. For the adversary, the trade-off between maximizing estimation error at the control center and minimizing detection probability of the launched attack is examined. An optimal attack based on minimum energy leakage is proposed.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1109/tsg.2011.2163807

Cites

22 of 22 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 22 references

Research works printed but not linked: 12

  1. 10.1109/ACC.2009.5160301 · doi:10.1109/acc.2009.5160301
  2. sandberg, 2010, On security indices for state estimators in power networks, 1st Workshop Secure Control Syst (CPSWEEK)
  3. mili, 1998, Bad data identification methods in power system state estimation—A comparative study, IEEE J Select Areas Commun, 16, 953
  4. 10.1007/BF02579361 · doi:10.1007/bf02579361
  5. 10.1007/978-0-387-76544-0 · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-76544-0
  6. 10.1214/aos/1176346807 · doi:10.1214/aos/1176346807
  7. 10.1109/ISIT.1991.695411 · doi:10.1109/isit.1991.695411
  8. gorman, 2009, Electricity grid in U.S. penetrated by spies, Wall St J
  9. 10.1109/MPER.1986.5527891 · doi:10.1109/mper.1986.5527891
  10. 10.1109/59.535697 · doi:10.1109/59.535697
  11. thomas, 2010, Some economic impacts of bad and malicious data, Proc PSerc 2010 Workshop, 1
  12. 10.1109/TPAS.1985.323454 · doi:10.1109/tpas.1985.323454

Cited by

See all 784

Metadata

Authors
Kosut, O., Jia, L., Thomas, R. J., & Tong, L.
Venue
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published
2011-12
Volume
2
Issue
4
Pages
645-658
ISSN
1949-3053 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1109/tsg.2011.2163807
OpenAlex
W2100445566
Cited by
784
References
22
FWCI
59.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html (vor)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Malicious Data Attacks on the Smart Grid. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/tsg.2011.2163807
The paper
Kosut, O., Jia, L., Thomas, R. J., & Tong, L. (2011). Malicious Data Attacks on the Smart Grid. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2011.2163807

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.