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Considerations on the measurement of the stability of oscillators with frequency counters
Abstract
The most common time-domain measure frequency stability, the Allan variance, is typically estimated using a frequency counter. Close examination the operation of modern high-resolution frequency counters shows that they do not make measurements in the commonly assumed. The consequence is that the results typically reported by many laboratories using these counters are not, in fact, the Allan variance, but a distorted representation. We elucidate the action of these counters by consideration of their operation in the Fourier domain, and demonstrate that the difference between the actual Allan variance and that delivered by these counters can very significant for some types of oscillators. We also discuss ways to avoid, or account for, a distorted estimation of Allan variance.
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Citations
Cited by
A 920-Kilometer Optical Fiber Link for Frequency Metrology at the 19th Decimal Place
Predehl, K., Grosche, G., Raupach, S. M. F., Droste, S., Terra, O., Alnis, J., Legero, T., Hänsch, T. W., Udem, T., Holzwarth, R., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1218442 · Cited by 543
Making optical atomic clocks more stable with 10−16-level laser stabilization
Jiang, Y. Y., Ludlow, A. D., Lemke, N. D., Fox, R. W., Sherman, J. A., Ma, L.-S., & Oates, C. W. (2011) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2010.313 · Cited by 462
Optical-Frequency Transfer over a Single-Span 1840 km Fiber Link
Droste, S., Ozimek, F., Udem, T., Predehl, K., Hänsch, T. W., Schnatz, H., Grosche, G., & Holzwarth, R. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.110801 · Cited by 315
Schioppo, M., Kronjäger, J., Silva, A., Ilieva, R., Paterson, J. W., Baynham, C. F. A., Bowden, W., Hill, I. R., Hobson, R., Vianello, A., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27884-3 · Cited by 118
Raupach, S. M. F., Koczwara, A., & Grosche, G. (2015) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.92.021801 · Cited by 101
Metadata
- Authors
- Dawkins, S. T., McFerran, J. J., & Luiten, A. N.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
- Published
- 2007-05
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 918-925
- ISSN
- 0885-3010 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-8955
- OpenAlex
- W2148144524
- Cited by
- 220
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 8.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Dawkins, S. T., McFerran, J. J., & Luiten, A. N. (2007). Considerations on the measurement of the stability of oscillators with frequency counters. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control. https://doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2007.337
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