Modeling and Architecture Design of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Using Scattering Parameter Network Analysis
Open accessAbstract
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are an emerging technology for future wireless communication. The vast majority of recent research on RIS has focused on system level optimizations. However, developing straightforward and tractable electromagnetic models that are suitable for RIS aided communication modeling remains an open issue. In this paper, we address this issue and derive communication models by using rigorous scattering parameter network analysis. We also propose new RIS architectures based on group and fully connected reconfigurable impedance networks that can adjust not only the phases but also the magnitudes of the impinging waves, which are more general and more efficient than conventional single connected reconfigurable impedance network that only adjusts the phases of the impinging waves. In addition, the scaling law of the received signal power of an RIS aided system with reconfigurable impedance networks is also derived. Compared with the single connected reconfigurable impedance network, our group and fully connected reconfigurable impedance network can increase the received signal power by up to 62%, or maintain the same received signal power with a number of RIS elements reduced by up to 21%. We also investigate the proposed architecture in deployments with distance-dependent pathloss and Rician fading channel, and show that the proposed group and fully connected reconfigurable impedance networks outperform the single connected case by up to 34% and 48%, respectively.
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Shen et al. proposed two new RIS architectures based on group- and fully-connected impedance networks, which are shown to increase received signal power by more than 60% compared to single-connected impedance networks.
“By leveraging rigorous scattering parameter network analysis, Shen et al. [45] proposed two new RIS architectures based on group- and fully-connected impedance networks, which are shown to increase received signal power by more than 60% compared to single-connected impedance networks.”
From Emerging Technologies in Intelligent Metasurfaces: Shaping the Future of Wireless Communications (2026) · cites this paper as [45]
The Abstract says the paper proposes the two architectures, and the Conclusion reports a received-power increase of up to 62% over single-connected networks. The claim omits the 'up to' qualifier and the Rayleigh-fading condition for that gain; the paper reports smaller gains in its more realistic channel evaluation. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- W. Qingqing and Z. Rui, "Towards smart and reconfigurable envi- ronment: Intelligent reflecting surface aided wireless network," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 106-112, Jan. 2019.
- D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2009.
- Shanpu Shen (Member, IEEE) received the bach- elor's degree in communication engineering from Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China, in 2013, and the Ph.D. degree in electronic and computer engineering from The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong, in 2017.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Emerging Technologies in Intelligent Metasurfaces: Shaping the Future of Wireless Communications
An, J., Debbah, M., Cui, T. J., Chen, Z. N., & Yuen, C. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation · doi:10.1109/tap.2025.3571069 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“By leveraging rigorous scattering parameter network analysis, Shen et al. [45] proposed two new RIS architectures based on group-connected and fully connected impedance networks, which are shown to increase received signal power by more than 60% compared with single-connected impedance networks.”
Emerging Technologies in Intelligent Metasurfaces: Shaping the Future of Wireless Communications
An, J., Debbah, M., Cui, T. J., Chen, Z. N., & Yuen, C. (2024) · arXiv · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“By leveraging rigorous scattering parameter network analysis, Shen et al. [45] proposed two new RIS architectures based on group-connected and fully connected impedance networks, which are shown to increase received signal power by more than 60% compared with single-connected impedance networks.”
- Authors
- Shen, S., Clerckx, B., & Murch, R.
- Affiliations
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HK)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
- Published
- 2022-02
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 1229-1243
- ISSN
- 1536-1276 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-2248
- OpenAlex
- W3194854077
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 51 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 9.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Hong Kong Research Grants Council through the Collaborative Research Fund (C6012-20G)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling
- Keywords
- reconfigurable intelligent surface, electromagnetic simulation, amplitude and phase control, Rician fading channel
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