Understanding the sensory experiences of young people with autism spectrum disorder: A preliminary investigation
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM: Unusual responses to sensations can impact upon the daily activities for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Current understandings of these sensory experiences have been drawn from the proxy reports from parents/caregivers, standardised self-report questionnaires and autobiographical accounts. As sensory experiences are intensely personal, the first-hand accounts of people with autism spectrum disorder may have greater validity than caregiver reports, but these have never been systematically researched. This study explored the utility of using a semi-structured interview protocol augmented with visual cues to facilitate our understanding of the way people with autism spectrum disorder experience sensory input, and use coping strategies to manage sensory issues that interfere with participation. METHOD: A semi-structured interview augmented by visual cues was used to investigate the sensory experiences of three adolescent males with autism spectrum disorder. As is common in this population, two of the participants also had a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and were taking stimulant medication. RESULTS: Participants shared a preference for expected, predictable and controllable sensory input, whereas unexpected, unpredictable and uncontrollable sensations were perceived as unpleasant. A heightened awareness of and difficulty filtering extraneous sensory input, high levels of movement seeking and an over-focus on salient sensory input were also described. Strategies employed to manage sensory challenges included avoiding, increasing predictability and control and meta-cognitive adaptations. CONCLUSIONS: Further research involving a larger sample of participants is recommended to determine the utility of using a semi-structured interview protocol augmented with visual cues to understand the sensory experiences of individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder.
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Coping strategies of avoiding or controlling an unpleasant sensory stimulus can sometimes result in unhelpful outcomes for the individual.
“In self-report studies of sensory experiences in children with autism, coping strategies of avoiding or controlling an unpleasant stimulus are present even in the youngest participants (e.g., Kirby et al., 2014), though these can sometimes result in unhelpful outcomes for the individual (Ashburner et al., 2013; Smith & Sharp, 2012).”
From The design and implementation of a CBT-based intervention for sensory processing difficulties in adolescents on the autism spectrum (2016) · cites this paper as Ashburner et al., 2013
As children get older, increasingly sophisticated coping strategies for sensory experiences begin to emerge, including cognitive strategies such as planning and focusing attention at 12 to 16 years.
“As children get older, increasingly sophisticated coping strategies for sensory experiences begin to emerge, including reports of cognitive strategies such as planning and focussing attention (12 to 16 years; Ashburner et al., 2013).”
From The design and implementation of a CBT-based intervention for sensory processing difficulties in adolescents on the autism spectrum (2016) · cites this paper as Ashburner et al., 2013
To the authors' knowledge, no studies with children have asked directly about their awareness of their own sensory experiences in relation to others.
“Yet, to our knowledge, no studies with children (e.g., Ashburner et al., 2013; Kirby et al., 2014) have asked directly about their awareness of their own sensory experiences in relation to others.”
From The design and implementation of a CBT-based intervention for sensory processing difficulties in adolescents on the autism spectrum (2016) · cites this paper as Ashburner et al., 2013
Existing studies suggest that adolescents on the autism spectrum have the requisite meta-cognitive skills and motivation to self-regulate, in preparation for adulthood.
“These few existing studies suggest that adolescents on the autism spectrum have the requisite meta-cognitive skills and motivation to 'self-regulate', in preparation for adulthood.”
From The design and implementation of a CBT-based intervention for sensory processing difficulties in adolescents on the autism spectrum (2016) · cites this paper as Ashburner et al., 2013
Control of stimuli is identified as important in Ashburner's (2013) analysis of self-reports.
“Control of stimuli identified as important Ashburner's (2013) analysis of self- reports.”
From The design and implementation of a CBT-based intervention for sensory processing difficulties in adolescents on the autism spectrum (2016) · cites this paper as Ashburner's (2013)
Previous self-reports of unhelpful sensory coping strategies suggest that outcomes might not always be considered in autism.
“Previous self-reports of unhelpful sensory coping strategies (Ashburner et al., 2013; Smith & Sharp, 2012), suggest outcomes might not always be considered in autism”
From The design and implementation of a CBT-based intervention for sensory processing difficulties in adolescents on the autism spectrum (2016) · cites this paper as Ashburner et al., 2013
Thinking coping tools are already used by adolescents with autism.
“Thinking coping tools already used by adolescents with autism (Ashburner et al., 2013).”
From The design and implementation of a CBT-based intervention for sensory processing difficulties in adolescents on the autism spectrum (2016) · cites this paper as Ashburner et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Ashburner, J., Bennett, L., Rodger, S., & Ziviani, J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Queensland Health (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Ashburner, Jill
- Venue
- Australian Occupational Therapy Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-01-10
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 171-180
- ISSN
- 0045-0766 (ISSN-L)
- 1440-1630
- OpenAlex
- W1969859552
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Australian Occupational Therapy Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Therapy Practice and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, sensory experience, adolescents, visual cueing, semi-structured interviews, attentional focus, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, stimulant medication, high-functioning autism, first-hand accounts
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Cues, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sensation Disorders
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