Global Positive Expectancies of the Self and Adolescents' Substance Use Avoidance: Testing a Social Influence Mediational Model
Abstract
ABSTRACT Grounded in theories of global positive expectancies and social influences of behavior, this investigation posited a model in which global positive expectancies are related to substance use as mediated by attitudes, subjective norms, self‐efficacy, and intentions. Using a cohort sample ( n = 525), structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypothesized predictions of future substance use. The findings suggest that, relative to adolescents with lower global positive expectancies, adolescents with higher global positive expectancies use substances less frequently over time because of their protective attitudinal and control‐oriented perceptions towards that behavior. Additionally, results from the current investigation also extend prior findings on the factor structure of global positive expectancies, suggesting these expectancies can be viewed as a second‐order factor representing optimism and two components of hope—agency and pathways.
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Longitudinal studies suggest that it is the presence of positive psychological states that contributes to better future lifestyle practices.
“Although the issue of bidirectionality has been raised, longitudinal studies suggest that it is the presence of positive psychological states that contributes to better future lifestyle practices. 56,144-146”
From Psychological Health, Well-Being, and the Mind-Heart-Body Connection: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2021) · cites this paper as [145]
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Levine, G. N., Cohen, B. E., Commodore-Mensah, Y., Fleury, J., Huffman, J. C., Khalid, U., Labarthe, D. R., Lavretsky, H., Michos, E. D., Spatz, E. S., et al. (2021) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000947 · Cited by 865 · see citing works
Positive psychological attributes and cardiac outcomes: associations, mechanisms, and interventions
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- Authors
- Carvajal, S. C., Evans, R. I., Nash, S. G., & Getz, J. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- University of Houston (US)
- University of Houston - Downtown (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carvajal, Scott C .
- Venue
- Journal of Personality
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-06
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 421-442
- ISSN
- 0022-3506 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-6494
- OpenAlex
- W2105755340
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01da007024-02)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-07024)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- adolescents, substance use avoidance, social influence theory, self-efficacy, subjective norms, attitudes, behavioral intention, optimism, hope, agency, pathways, factor structure
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attitude, Female, Humans, Male, Peer Group, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Concept, Social Environment, Substance-Related Disorders, Self Efficacy, Intention
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