Childhood conscientiousness and longevity: Health behaviors and cause of death.
Abstract
Previous research showed that conscientiousness (social dependability) in childhood predicted longevity in an archival prospective cohort study of bright children first studied by Terman in the 1920s (H. S. Friedman et al., 1993). Possible behavioral mechanisms for this robust association are now examined by gathering cause of death information and by considering the possible mediating influences of drinking alcohol, smoking, and overeating. Survival analyses (N = 1,215) suggest that the protective effect of conscientiousness is not primarily due to accident avoidance and cannot be mostly explained by abstinence from unhealthy substance intake. Conscientiousness may have more wide-ranging effects on health-relevant activities.
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Low childhood conscientiousness is as predictive of all-cause mortality as serum cholesterol and elevated blood pressure.
“Friedman et al. (1993Friedman et al. ( , 1995) ) used data from the Terman life cycle study, which started with over 1500 children in 1921, and showed that low childhood conscientiousness is as predictive of all-cause mortality as serum cholesterol and elevated blood pressure.”
From Beyond yellow flags: The Big‐Five personality traits and psychologically informed musculoskeletal rehabilitation. (2023) · cites this paper as Friedman et al., 1995
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Widiger, T. A., & Seidlitz, L. (2002) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/s0092-6566(02)00013-2 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Personality, IQ, and Lifetime EarningsPreprint
Gensowski, M. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2450426 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Brody, S., Potterat, J. J., Muth, S. Q., & Woodhouse, D. E. (2005) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/00926230590477943 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
- Authors
- Friedman, H. S., Tucker, J. S., Schwartz, J. E., Martin, L. R., Tomlinson-Keasey, C., Wingard, D. L., & Criqui, M. H.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1995
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 696-703
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2045055068
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 5.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG008825, AGO8825)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychological and Temporal Perspectives Research
- Keywords
- conscientiousness, child personality, longevity, causes of death, health behavior, alcohol consumption, smoking, overeating, accident prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Cause of Death, Child, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Longevity, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Development, Prospective Studies, Smoking, Social Environment, Social Responsibility, Health Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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