The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Measurement Properties of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories at Ages One and Two Years
Abstract
In a prospective study of child development in relation to early-life otitis media, we administered the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories (CDI) to a large (N = 2,156), sociodemographically diverse sample of 1- and 2-year-old children. As a prerequisite for interpreting the CDI scores, we studied selected measurement properties of the inventories. Scores on the CDI/Words and Gestures (CDI-WG), designed for children 8 to 16 months old, and on the CDI/Words and Sentences (CDI-WS), designed for children 16 to 30 months old, increased significantly with months of age. On several scales of both CDI-WG and CDI-WS, standard deviations approximated or exceeded mean values, reflecting wide variability in results. Statistically significant differences in mean scores were found according to race, maternal education, and health insurance status as an indirect measure of income, but the directionality of differences was not consistent across inventories or across scales of the CDI-WS. Correlations between CDI-WG and CDI-WS ranged from .18 to .39. Our findings suggest that the CDI reflects the progress of language development within the age range 10 to 27 months. However, researchers and clinicians should exercise caution in using results of the CDI to identify individual children at risk for language deficits, to compare groups of children with different sociodemographic profiles, or to evaluate the effects of interventions.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, there are also previous studies reporting a negative effect of maternal education on caregiver‐reported word comprehension (e.g., Feldman et al., 2000; Reese & Read, 2000).”
From The role of dyadic combinations of infants' behaviors and caregivers' verbal and multimodal responses in predicting vocabulary outcomes (2025) · cites this paper as Feldman et al., 2000
In the citing paper
“This result is in contrast with many previous studies that show that maternal education is positively associated with children's vocabulary size (e.g., Feldman et al., 2000; Fenson et al., 2007; Hoff, 2003).”
From The role of dyadic combinations of infants' behaviors and caregivers' verbal and multimodal responses in predicting vocabulary outcomes (2025) · cites this paper as Feldman et al., 2000
Citations
Cites
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experience of Young American Children
Panagos, R. J. (1998) · Remedial and Special Education · doi:10.1177/074193259801900609 · Cited by 4,183
Some Methods for Strengthening the Common χ 2 Tests
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001616 · Cited by 3,718
Variability in Early Communicative Development
Fenson, L., Dale, P. S., Reznick, J. S., Bates, E., Thal, D. J., Pethick, S. J., Tomasello, M., Mervis, C. B., & Stiles, J. (1994) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1166093 · Cited by 2,790
Paradise, J. L., Rockette, H. E., Colborn, D. K., Bernard, B. S., Smith, C. G., Kurs‐Lasky, M., & Janosky, J. E. (1997) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.99.3.318 · Cited by 778
Self-citationThe Language Development Survey: A Screening Tool for Delayed Language in Toddlers
Rescorla, L. (1989) · Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders · doi:10.1044/jshd.5404.587 · Cited by 730
A Meta-Analysis of Infant Habituation and Recognition Memory Performance as Predictors of Later IQ
McCall, R. B., & Carriger, M. S. (1993) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02895.x · Cited by 400
Early lexical development in Spanish-speaking infants and toddlers
Jackson‐Maldonado, D., Thal, D. J., Marchman, V. A., Bates, E. A., & Gutiérrez‐Clellen, V. F. (1993) · Journal of Child Language · doi:10.1017/s0305000900008461 · Cited by 302
Arriaga, R. I., Fenson, L., Cronan, T. A., & Pethick, S. J. (1998) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716400010043 · Cited by 287
Abelson, R. P., & Tukey, J. W. (1963) · The Annals of Mathematical Statistics · doi:10.1214/aoms/1177703869 · Cited by 242
Early lexical development in children with focal brain injury*1
Thal, D. J. (1991) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/0093-934x(91)90145-q · Cited by 234
THE INSTRUMENT IS GREAT, BUT MEASURING COMPREHENSION IS STILL A PROBLEM
Tomasello, M., & Mervis, C. Β. (1994) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb00186.x · Cited by 157
Validity of Parent Report Measures of Vocabulary Development for Children With Down Syndrome
Miller, J. F., Sedey, A. L., & Miolo, G. (1995) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jshr.3805.1037 · Cited by 135
Dialectal Forms During Discourse of Poor, Urban, African American Preschoolers
Washington, J. A., & Craig, H. K. (1994) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jshr.3704.816 · Cited by 133
Assessing infants and preschoolers with handicaps
Bailey, D. B., & Wolery, M. R. (1989) · Cited by 130
Roberts, J. E., Burchinal, M., & Durham, M. (1999) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00008 · Cited by 117
A multiple form word production checklist for assessing early language
Reznick, J. S., & Goldsmith, L. T. (1989) · Journal of Child Language · doi:10.1017/s0305000900013453 · Cited by 109
Memory and Speed: Their Role in the Relation of Infant Information Processing to Later IQ
Rose, S. A., & Feldman, J. F. (1997) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb04226.x · Cited by 107
Communication Disorders in Multicultural Populations
Battle, D. E. (1992) · Cited by 98
Toddlers' language development: Sex differences within social risk.
Morisset, C. E., Barnard, K. E., & Booth, C. L. (1995) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.31.5.851 · Cited by 94
Normal and disordered phonology in two-year-olds
Stoel‐Gammon, C. (1991) · Topics in Language Disorders · doi:10.1097/00011363-199111040-00005 · Cited by 91
Visual preference as a test of infant word comprehension
Reznick, J. S. (1990) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716400008742 · Cited by 79
Psychological interventions for the adolescent with cleft lip and palate.
Kapp-Simon, K. (1995) · The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal · doi:10.1597/1545-1569(1995)032 · Cited by 56
Asante, M. K. (1997) · Cited by 45
Paradise, J. L. (1992) · Advances in Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0065-3101(24)00283-4 · Cited by 31
Self-citationON THE NATURE OF INFORMANT JUDGMENTS IN INVENTORY MEASURES:… AND SO WHAT IS IT YOU WANT TO KNOW?
Stiles, J. (1994) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb00187.x · Cited by 26
Communicative development in twins with discordant histories of recurrent otitis media
Hoey, H. V., & Ratner, N. B. (1994) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/0021-9924(94)90036-1 · Cited by 10
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hoff, E. (2003) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00612 · Cited by 2,346
How social contexts support and shape language development☆
HOFF, E. (2006) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2005.11.002 · Cited by 1,853
Behavioral manifestations of autism in the first year of life
Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S., Rogers, T., Roberts, W., Brian, J., & Szatmari, P. (2005) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.05.001 · Cited by 1,602
Wordbank: an open repository for developmental vocabulary data
Frank, M. C., Braginsky, M., Yurovsky, D., & Marchman, V. A. (2016) · Journal of Child Language · doi:10.1017/s0305000916000209 · Cited by 717
Tsao, F.-M., Liu, H.-M., & Kuhl, P. K. (2004) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00726.x · Cited by 588
Metadata
- Authors
- Feldman, H. M., Dollaghan, C. A., Campbell, T. F., Kurs-Lasky, M., Janosky, J. E., & Paradise, J. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health , Pittsburgh, PA
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2000-03-01
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 310-322
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8624
- OpenAlex
- W1990219180
- Cited by
- 364
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 12.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Child Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (2r01hd026026-10a2)
- U.S. Public Health Service (MCJ 429414)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 26026)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Hearing Impairment and Communication
- Keywords
- MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory, language development, toddlers, measurement properties, test-retest reliability, age-related changes, sociodemographic differences, language assessment
- MeSH terms
- Child Development, Child Language, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Female, Gestures, Humans, Infant, Language Tests, Male
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
