Variability in Early Communicative Development

Fenson, Larry; Dale, Philip S.; Reznick, J. Steven; Bates, Elizabeth; Thal, Donna J.; Pethick, Stephen J.; Tomasello, Michael; Mervis, Carolyn B.; Stiles, Joan

doi:10.2307/1166093

Cited by 2,790Language Development and DisordersChild and Animal Learning DevelopmentHearing Impairment and Communication

Variability in Early Communicative Development

Fenson, Larry, Dale, Philip S., Reznick, J. Steven, Bates, Elizabeth, Thal, Donna J., Pethick, Stephen J., Tomasello, Michael, Mervis, Carolyn B. +1 more·1994·Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development

DOI 10.2307/1166093

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Abstract

Data from parent reports on 1,803 children--derived from a normative study of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories (CDIs)--are used to describe the typical course and the extent of variability in major features of communicative development between 8 and 30 months of age. The two instruments, one designed for 8-16-month-old infants, the other for 16-30-month-old toddlers, are both reliable and valid, confirming the value of parent reports that are based on contemporary behavior and a recognition format. Growth trends are described for children scoring at the 10th-, 25th-, 50th-, 75th-, and 90th-percentile levels on receptive and expressive vocabulary, actions and gestures, and a number of aspects of morphology and syntax. Extensive variability exists in the rate of lexical, gestural, and grammatical development. The wide variability across children in the time of onset and course of acquisition of these skills challenges the meaningfulness of the concept of the modal child. At the same time, moderate to high intercorrelations are found among the different skills both concurrently and predictively (across a 6-month period). Sex differences consistently favor females; however, these are very small, typically accounting for 1%-2% of the variance. The effects of SES and birth order are even smaller within this age range. The inventories offer objective criteria for defining typicality and exceptionality, and their cost effectiveness facilitates the aggregation of la…

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The Words and Sentences form of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories is a validated and common way for evaluating language skills between ages 16-30 months, including the onset of certain vocabulary, word combinations, and grammatical forms.
“The Words and Sentences form of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories [58] is a validated and common way for evaluating language skills between ages 16–30 months [59], including the onset of certain vocabulary, word combinations, and grammatical forms.”
From Tracking Acquisition of Language in Kids (TALK) study protocol: A longitudinal investigation of infants at high vs. low risk for atypical speech and language development (2026) · cites this paper as [59]
Auditory single word comprehension develops prior to overt speech usage in hearing individuals.
“Auditory single word comprehension develops prior to overt speech usage in hearing individuals (Fenson et al., 1994).”
From I. NIH TOOLBOX COGNITION BATTERY (CB): INTRODUCTION AND PEDIATRIC DATA (2013) · cites this paper as Fenson et al., 1994

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“The Words and Sentences form of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories [58] is a validated and common way for evaluating language skills between ages 16–30 months [59], including the onset of certain vocabulary, word combinations, and grammatical forms.”

Authors: Fenson, L., Dale, P. S., Reznick, J. S., Bates, E., Thal, D. J., Pethick, S. J., Tomasello, M., Mervis, C. B., & Stiles, J.
ORCID: Dale, Philip S.
Bates, Elizabeth
Tomasello, Michael
Venue: Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1994
Volume: 59
Issue: 5
Pages: i
ISSN: 0037-976X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2307/1166093
OpenAlex: W4210416677
Cited by: 2,790
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 70 · 2025: 106 · 2024: 114 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 178 · 2021: 148 · 2020: 157 · 2019: 206 · 2018: 108 · 2017: 142 · 2016: 120 · 2015: 103 · 2014: 96 · 2013: 129 · 2012: 112
FWCI: 28.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Hearing Impairment and Communication
Keywords: developmental variation, language development, infant communication, individual differences

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Variability in Early Communicative Development

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