The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Parental Monitoring: A Reinterpretation
Abstract
Monitoring (tracking and surveillance) of children's behavior is considered an essential parenting skill. Numerous studies show that well-monitored youths are less involved in delinquency and other normbreaking behaviors, and scholars conclude that parents should track their children more carefully. This study questions that conclusion. We point out that monitoring measures typically assess parents' knowledge but not its source, and parents could get knowledge from their children's free disclosure of information as well as their own active surveillance efforts. In our study of 703 14-year-olds in central Sweden and their parents, parental knowledge came mainly from child disclosure, and child disclosure was the source of knowledge that was most closely linked to broad and narrow measures of delinquency (normbreaking and police contact). These results held for both children's and parents' reports, for both sexes, and were independent of whether the children were exhibiting problem behavior or not. We conclude that tracking and surveillance is not the best prescription for parental behavior and that a new prescription must rest on an understanding of the factors that determine child disclosure.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Second, when children are maladjusted, parents will take action to help work through children’s emotional problems, increasing their control and monitoring of children’s thoughts and feelings (Stattin & Kerr, 2000).”
From Helicopter Parenting and Emotional Problems in Chinese Emerging Adults: Are there Cross-lagged Effects and the Mediations of Autonomy? (2023) · cites this paper as Stattin & Kerr, 2000
Citations
Cites
A Handbook of Child Psychology
(1932) · Nature · doi:10.1038/130331a0 · Cited by 10,133
Socialization In The Context Of The Family: Parent-Child Interaction
Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983) · Cited by 5,215
Gibbons, D. C., & Hirschi, T. (1970) · The Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science · doi:10.2307/1142213 · Cited by 5,215
Hirschi, T. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315081649 · Cited by 4,510
Parental Psychological Control: Revisiting a Neglected Construct
Barber, B. K. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01915.x · Cited by 2,878
Family Factors as Correlates and Predictors of Juvenile Conduct Problems and Delinquency
Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1986) · Crime and Justice · doi:10.1086/449112 · Cited by 1,409
Socialization, personality, and social development
Hetherington, E. M. (1983) · Wiley eBooks · Cited by 1,385
Dishion, T. J., & McMahon, R. J. (1998) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1023/a:1021800432380 · Cited by 1,337
Theoretical models of human development
Lerner, R. M., & Damon, W. (1998) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,319
The Correlation of Family Management Practices and Delinquency
Patterson, G. R., & Stouthamer‐Loeber, M. (1984) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1129999 · Cited by 1,033
Family Relationships and Delinquent Behavior
Vine, M. W., & Nye, F. I. (1959) · The Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science · doi:10.2307/1141344 · Cited by 568
FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS AND DELINQUENCY *
Cernkovich, S. A., & Giordano, P. C. (1987) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1987.tb00799.x · Cited by 549
Parental monitoring and peer influences on adolescent substance use
Fletcher, A. C., Darling, N. E., & Steinberg, L. D. (1995) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511527906.016 · Cited by 525
Peer ecology of male adolescent drug use
Dishion, T. J., Capaldi, D. M., Spracklen, K. M., & Li, F. (1995) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400006854 · Cited by 488
Chassin, L., Pillow, D. R., Curran, P. J., Molina, B. S. G., & Barrera, M. (1993) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.102.1.3 · Cited by 419
A Reconsideration of Parental and Peer Influences on Adolescent Deviance
Aseltine, R. H. (1995) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2137219 · Cited by 378
Coercion and Punishment in Long-Term Perspectives
(1995) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511527906 · Cited by 325
Person-context interaction theories
Magnusson, D., & Stattin, H. (1998) · Cited by 318
Self-citationSocial influences on the sexual behavior of youth at risk for HIV exposure.
Römer, D., Black, M. M., Ricardo, I. B., Feigelman, S., Kaljee, L., Galbraith, J. S., Nesbit, R., Hornik, R., & STANTON, B. F. (1994) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.84.6.977 · Cited by 303
Crouter, A. C., Wadsworth, S. M., McHale, S. M., & Perry‐Jenkins, M. (1990) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.26.4.649 · Cited by 292
The social context for risky sexual behavior among adolescents
Metzler, C. W., Noell, J. W., Biglan, A., Ary, D. V., & Smolkowski, K. (1994) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf01858012 · Cited by 252
Peer and parental influences on adolescent tobacco use
Biglan, A., Duncan, T. E., Ary, D. V., & Smolkowski, K. (1995) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf01857657 · Cited by 233
The Family Context of Gender Intensification in Early Adolescence
Crouter, A. C., Manke, B., & McHale, S. M. (1995) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00873.x · Cited by 228
Crouter, A. C., Helms‐Erikson, H., Updegraff, K. A., & McHale, S. M. (1999) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00018 · Cited by 194
DIRECT PARENTAL CONTROLS AND DELINQUENCY*
WELLS, L. E., & RANKIN, J. H. (1988) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1988.tb00841.x · Cited by 178
Ethnic and gender differences in risk for early adolescent substance use
Flannery, D. J., Vazsonyi, A. T., Torquati, J., & Fridrich, A. H. (1994) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/bf01537445 · Cited by 177
Sokol-Katz, J., Dunham, R., & Zimmerman, R. S. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 154
Language usage, social capital, and school completion among immigrants and native-born ethnic groups
White, M. J., & Kaufman, G. (1997) · Social Science Quarterly · Cited by 131
Family interaction and delinquent behavior.
Snyder, J. J., & Patterson, G. R. (1987) · Cited by 129
The effects of ethnicity and acculturation on early adolescent delinquency
Fridrich, A. H., & Flannery, D. J. (1995) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/bf02233955 · Cited by 85
Parental Involvement and Adolescent Development
Otto, L. B., & Atkinson, M. P. (1997) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743554897121005 · Cited by 79
Weintraub, K., & Gold, M. (1991) · Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/cbm.1991.1.3.268 · Cited by 71
A Parent-Targeted Intervention for Adolescent Substance Use Prevention
Cohen, D. A., & Rice, J. C. (1995) · Evaluation Review · doi:10.1177/0193841x9501900203 · Cited by 52
Testing an Integrated Model of Delinquency Using LISREL
Benda, B. B., & Whiteside, L. (1995) · Journal of Social Service Research · doi:10.1300/j079v21n02_01 · Cited by 30
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Risky families: Family social environments and the mental and physical health of offspring
Repetti, R. L., Taylor, S. E., & Seeman, T. E. (2002) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.2.330 · Cited by 2,884
Kerr, M., & Stattin, H. (2000) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.36.3.366 · Cited by 1,690
Self-citationThe Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis
Hoeve, M., Dubas, J. S., Eichelsheim, V. I., van der Laan, P. H., Smeenk, W., & Gerris, J. R. M. (2009) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9310-8 · Cited by 1,358
“Actual monitoring by parents is probably limited, because adolescents spend less time with their parents and are relatively autonomous (Hirschi 1969; Nye 1958; Stattin and Kerr 2000).”
BackgroundAdolescent Development in Interpersonal and Societal Contexts
Smetana, J. G., Campione-Barr, N., & Metzger, A. (2006) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190124 · Cited by 1,264
Social Relationships and Health Behavior Across the Life Course
Umberson, D., Crosnoe, R., & Reczek, C. (2010) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-070308-120011 · Cited by 1,226
“N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript (Stattin & Kerr 2000).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Stattin, H., & Kerr, M.
- Affiliations
- Department of Psychology, University of Örebro
- Örebro University (SE)
- ORCID
- Kerr, Margaret
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2000-07-01
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1072-1085
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8624
- OpenAlex
- W2083036701
- Cited by
- 2,358
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 72 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 110 · 2021: 110 · 2020: 120 · 2019: 122 · 2018: 114 · 2017: 122 · 2016: 133 · 2015: 130 · 2014: 141 · 2013: 110 · 2012: 137
- FWCI
- 26.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Child Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Keywords
- parental supervision, child disclosure, delinquency, police encounters, parental knowledge, surveillance, adolescent behavior, parent-child communication
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Juvenile Delinquency, Male, Middle Aged, Parent-Child Relations, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Sampling Studies, Self Disclosure, Social Behavior Disorders, Socialization, Sweden, Parenting
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
