The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Role of Effort in Perceiving Distance
Abstract
Berkeley proposed that space is perceived in terms of effort. Consistent with his proposal, the present studies show that perceived egocentric distance increases when people are encumbered by wearing a heavy backpack or have completed a visual-motor adaptation that reduces the anticipated optic flow coinciding with walking effort. In accord with Berkeley's proposal and Gibson's theory of affordances, these studies show that the perception of spatial layout is influenced by locomotor effort.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception
Bornstein, M. H., & Gibson, J. J. (1980) · The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism · doi:10.2307/429816 · Cited by 22,935
Cited by
Proske, U., & Gandevia, S. C. (2012) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00048.2011 · Cited by 2,223
Cognition does not affect perception: Evaluating the evidence for “top-down” effects
Firestone, C., & Scholl, B. J. (2016) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x15000965 · Cited by 1,200
On conceptualizing self-control as more than the effortful inhibition of impulses.
Fujita, K. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868311411165 · Cited by 734
Embodied Perception and the Economy of Action
Proffitt, D. R. (2006) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00008.x · Cited by 696
Self-citationSee what you want to see: Motivational influences on visual perception
Balcetis, E., & Dunning, D. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.612 · Cited by 649
Metadata
- Authors
- Proffitt, D. R., Stefanucci, J., Banton, T., & Epstein, W.
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2003-03
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 106-112
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2159011919
- Cited by
- 563
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 38.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Role of Effort in Perceiving Distance. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/1467-9280.t01-1-01427
- The paper
- Proffitt, D. R., Stefanucci, J., Banton, T., & Epstein, W. (2003). The Role of Effort in Perceiving Distance. Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.t01-1-01427
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
