The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Theoretical Comparisons of Forms of Exchange
Abstract
A recent program comparing negotiated and reciprocal forms of social exchange offers important implications for theory development. Results of these investigations show that the form of exchange studied—negotiated or reciprocal—affects many of the processes and assumptions underlying contemporary theories of exchange. Three such effects are discussed here. First, the form of exchange affects the causal mechanisms underlying power use and the relation between network structure and power. Second, whether exchange is negotiated or reciprocal affects the relative emphasis on learning or rational-choice models and the breadth of motivations assumed for “self-interested” actors, including reward maximization, loss avoidance, and reciprocity. Third, the form of exchange affects the salience of the cooperative and competitive “faces” of exchange, influencing actors' subjective experiences with exchange. These results show the limitations of theories based on any single form of exchange and the need for greater understanding of the full range of exchange forms that characterize social life.
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In the citing paper
“If the giving and responding occur under uncertainty, the resulting relationship is much more appreciated than if one agrees on mutually exchanged benefits as in the contract-like exchange.”
From Gifts of Cooperation, Mauss and Pragmatism (2016) · cites this paper as Molm 2003
In the citing paper
“In addition, the interactive act of reciprocity is apparently appreciated; it does not merely serve as a means to an end (ibid.: 12).”
From Gifts of Cooperation, Mauss and Pragmatism (2016) · cites this paper as Molm 2003
In the citing paper
“In games, however, that are based on negotiated exchangethat is, games that are based on direct exchange and mutual consultation -the effect does not occur.”
From Gifts of Cooperation, Mauss and Pragmatism (2016) · cites this paper as Molm 2003
In the citing paper
“This effect arises in games that are based on reciprocal exchange -that is, in which the contributions of the players cannot be reconciled with each other and are uncertain.”
From Gifts of Cooperation, Mauss and Pragmatism (2016) · cites this paper as Molm 2003
In the citing paper
“However, a variety of experiments has shown that reducing risk or loss represents a stronger motivation than increasing gain.”
From Gifts of Cooperation, Mauss and Pragmatism (2016) · cites this paper as Molm 2003
In the citing paper
“In contract-like exchange, the bilateral flow of benefits simultaneously brings the stakeholders' latent conflicts of interest to light.”
From Gifts of Cooperation, Mauss and Pragmatism (2016) · cites this paper as Molm 2003
In the citing paper
“A basic assumption of almost all exchange theories is indeed first of all that 'actors are self-interested, seeking to increase outcomes they positively value and decrease outcomes they negatively value' (Molm 2003: 9).”
From Gifts of Cooperation, Mauss and Pragmatism (2016) · cites this paper as Molm 2003
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary Review
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206305279602 · Cited by 10,068
Gifts of Cooperation, Mauss and Pragmatism
Adloff, F. (2016) · Routledge · doi:10.4324/9781315692982 · Cited by 61
CUMBERLAND, D. M., MEEK, W. R., & GERMAIN, R. (2015) · Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1142/s1084946715500041 · Cited by 42
Metadata
- Authors
- Molm, L. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Corresponding author
- Molm, Linda D.
- Venue
- Sociological Theory
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-17
- ISSN
- 0735-2751 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9558
- OpenAlex
- W2143812388
- Cited by
- 431
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 10.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sociological Theory (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Capital and Networks
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice
- Keywords
- social exchange, reciprocal exchange, power consumption, learning models, rational choice, self-interest, reciprocity, reward maximization, loss avoidance, competition and cooperation, social exchange theory
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