The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The rise of surveillance medicine
Abstract
Despite the obvious triumph of a medical theory and practice grounded in the hospital, a new medicine based on the surveillance of normal populations can be identified as emerging in the twentieth century. This new Surveillance Medicine involves a fundamental remapping of the spaces of illness. This includes the problematisation of normality, the redrawing of the relationship between symptom, sign and illness, and the localisation of illness outside the corporal space of the body. It is argued that this new medicine has important implications for the constitution of identity in the late twentieth century.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“while the modulation of other neurochemicals can interfere with relationship attachments, for example, by diminishing the sex drive.29”
From The Medicalization of Love (2015) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“Self-tracking tools indeed entail a minimal level of commitment to selfexamination, self-monitoring, and self-improvement, placing them within a long history of medical surveillance and biopolitical governance (Foucault 1977;Armstrong 1995).”
From Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare (2017) · cites this paper as Armstrong 1995
Citations
Cites
Governing the soul: the shaping of the private self
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-6033 · Cited by 3,824
The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception.
Loudon, J. B., Foucault, M., & Smith, A. M. (1974) · Man · doi:10.2307/2800095 · Cited by 3,461
The birth of the clinic : an archaeology of medical perception
Foucault, M., & Sheridan, A. (1974) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203406373 · Cited by 2,679
Governing the Soul: The Shaping of the Private Self
Ajzenstadt, M., Menzies, R., & Rose, N. (1991) · The Canadian Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2307/3341282 · Cited by 1,114
The Disappearance of the Sick-Man from Medical Cosmology, 1770-1870
Jewson, N. (1976) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/003803857601000202 · Cited by 520
Political Anatomy of the Body: Medical Knowledge in Britain in the Twentieth Century
Soffer, R. N., & Armstrong, D. (1984) · The American Historical Review · doi:10.2307/1862620 · Cited by 436
Self-citationRose, N. (1985) · Cited by 299
Medicine at the Paris Hospital, 1794-1848
TD (1967) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-196711000-00045 · Cited by 217
Redefining health: Living with cancer
Singer, M. K. (1993) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(93)90261-2 · Cited by 206
Public Health Spaces and the Fabrication of Identity
Armstrong, D. (1993) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/0038038593027003004 · Cited by 183
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Brown M. A., 1929, Teaching Health in Fargo
- Smith F. B., 1979, The People's Health: 1830–1910
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 997
Brown, E. (2020) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113118 · Cited by 9
Jayne, M., Liu, C., & Valentine, G. (2022) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.01.008 · Cited by 9
Butchart, A. (1997) · Culture Medicine and Psychiatry · doi:10.1023/a:1005346621433 · Cited by 9
How Does an Emergent LGBTQ Health Psychology Reconstruct its Subject?
Flowers, P. (2009) · Feminism & Psychology · doi:10.1177/0959353509342927 · Cited by 9
Making breathing your business: enterprising practices at the margins of orthodoxy
Nicholls, D. A., Walton, J. A., & Price, K. (2009) · Health An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health Illness and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1363459308101807 · Cited by 9
Sumalla, E. C., Castejón, V., Ochoa, C., & Blanco, I. (2013) · Psicooncología · doi:10.5209/rev_psic.2013.v10.41946 · Cited by 13
Beyond Participation: Empowering People with Disabilities in Research and Design
Monteleone, R. (2018) · Technology & Innovation · doi:10.21300/20.1-2.2018.133 · Cited by 9
The sociology of cognitive enhancement: Medicalisation and beyond
Coveney, C. M., Williams, S. J., & Gabe, J. (2011) · Health Sociology Review · doi:10.5172/hesr.2011.372 · Cited by 9
RISK, MEDICINE AND WOMEN: A CASE STUDY ON PRENATAL GENETIC COUNSELLING IN BRAZIL
Guilam, M. C. R., & Corrêa, M. (2007) · Developing World Bioethics · doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2007.00193.x · Cited by 9
Midwifery as Feminist Praxis in Aotearoa/New Zealand
Surtees, R. J. (2003) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/5080 · Cited by 9
Public Health Intelligence and the Detection of Potential Pandemics
French, M. A., & Mykhalovskiy, E. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118553923.ch2 · Cited by 9
Boulet, E. (2022) · Terrains/Théories · doi:10.4000/teth.5014 · Cited by 8
Problems of diagnostic psychiatry—and the search for a way forward
Brinkmann, S. (2023) · Nordic Psychology · doi:10.1080/19012276.2023.2258557 · Cited by 8
The biopsic adventures of mammary glam: breast cancer detection and the practice of cancer glamor
Krupar, S. R. (2012) · Social Semiotics · doi:10.1080/10350330.2012.640057 · Cited by 8
Medical Discourse and Time: Authoritative Reconstruction of Present, Future and Past
Alexias, G. (2008) · Social Theory & Health · doi:10.1057/sth.2008.1 · Cited by 8
Hallgrímsdóttir, H. K., Shumka, L., Althaus, C., & Benoit, C. (2017) · AIMS Public Health · doi:10.3934/publichealth.2017.6.615 · Cited by 11
Envisioning a Habitus of Hygiene: Hands as Disease Media in Public Health Handwashing Campaigns
Hamilton, S. N. (2019) · Canadian Journal of Communication · doi:10.22230/cjc.2019v44n2a3402 · Cited by 8
Epidemic and Insurance: Two Forms of Solidarity
Barry, L. (2022) · Theory Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/02632764221087932 · Cited by 7
Reflexivity in the medical encounter: contributions from post‐modern systemic practice
Ingrassia, A. (2011) · Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6427.2011.00534.x · Cited by 8
International expertise and local know-how in the trading zone
Diedrich, A., & Styhre, A. (2012) · Scandinavian Journal of Management · doi:10.1016/j.scaman.2012.06.001 · Cited by 8
Elverdam, B. (2011) · Anthropology and Medicine · doi:10.1080/13648470.2011.615912 · Cited by 8
Irving Kenneth Zola, (1935–1994): An appreciation
Williams, G. H. (1996) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.ep10934421 · Cited by 8
Expansive or limitative strategy? A case study of organisational responses to new public health
Nielsen, A. J., Knudsen, M., & Finke, K. (2008) · Journal of Health Organization and Management · doi:10.1108/14777260810893971 · Cited by 8
Bollig, S., & Kelle, H. (2013) · Journal of Early Childhood Research · doi:10.1177/1476718x13482273 · Cited by 8
The reappearance of the sick man: a landmark publication revisited
Gillam, S. (2016) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp16x688153 · Cited by 8
Valuing height: diagnosis, valuation and the case of idiopathic short stature
Morrison, M. C. (2018) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12828 · Cited by 8
Mold, A., Clark, P., Millward, G., & Payling, D. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18685-2_2 · Cited by 8
Pryce, A. (2001) · Current Sociology · doi:10.1177/0011392101049003005 · Cited by 8
Introduction: Critical Perspectives on Health and Work
Daykin, N. (1999) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-27625-7_1 · Cited by 8
Producing ADHD: An ethnographic study of behavioural discourses of early childhood
Bailey, S. F. (2009) · Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham) · Cited by 8
DNA diagnosis and the emergence of cancer genetic services in European health care.
Stemerding, D., Koch, L., & Bourret, P. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 8
Science, Medicine and Virility Surveillance: ‘Sexy Seniors’ in the Pharmaceutical Imagination
Marshall, B. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444391541.ch4 · Cited by 7
The Experience of Risk as ‘Measured Vulnerability’: Health Screening and Lay Uses of Numerical Risk
Gillespie, C. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118234358.ch3 · Cited by 8
Augst, A. K., Lämmerhirt, D., & Schubert, C. (2024) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.13864 · Cited by 9
The sociology of prescribing: A narrative review and agenda
Smith, A. K. J. (2025) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117830 · Cited by 7
Lupton, D. A. (2022) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003170884-5 · Cited by 7
Jayne, M., Liu, C., & Valentine, G. (2021) · Urban Geography · doi:10.1080/02723638.2021.1950375 · Cited by 7
Uncaring landscapes and HIV peer support in the rural Southern United States
Scott, D. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114628 · Cited by 7
Carbone-Moane, C., & Guise, A. (2021) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci10120478 · Cited by 7
Managing diabetes, managing medicine
Moore, M. D. (2019) · Manchester University Press eBooks · doi:10.7765/9781526113092 · Cited by 7
Miele, F. (2022) · Health An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health Illness and Medicine · doi:10.1177/13634593221093503 · Cited by 7
Ross, A. A. (2022) · Qualitative Sociology · doi:10.1007/s11133-022-09518-2 · Cited by 12
Digital Healthcare and Expertise
Egher, C. (2022) · Health, technology and society · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-9178-2 · Cited by 11
Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues Pertaining to Virtual and Digital Representations of Patients
Kaplan, B. (2022) · Cognitive informatics in biomedicine and healthcare · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07696-1_23 · Cited by 7
The ‘Obligation’ to Screen and its Effect on Autonomy
Lau, Y., & Jaye, C. (2009) · Journal of Bioethical Inquiry · doi:10.1007/s11673-009-9188-8 · Cited by 8
Underwood, M. (2013) · Health Sociology Review · doi:10.5172/hesr.2013.22.4.377 · Cited by 7
Un corps qui gêne. Les médecins face à la puberté
Vinel, V. (2015) · Ethnologie française · doi:10.3917/ethn.154.0655 · Cited by 7
Brown, T., Dyck, I., Greenhough, B., Raven‐Ellison, M., Ornstein, M., & Duffy, S. W. (2019) · Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers · doi:10.1111/tran.12290 · Cited by 7
Ion, A., Greene, S., Sinding, C., & Grace, D. (2020) · Health Risk & Society · doi:10.1080/13698575.2020.1760217 · Cited by 7
Disciplining death: hypertension management and the production of mortal subjectivities
Banerjee, A. (2007) · Health An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health Illness and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1363459307083696 · Cited by 10
Henderson, J. (2008) · Health Sociology Review · doi:10.5172/hesr.451.17.1.4 · Cited by 7
Review Article: Developments in Scandinavian and American medical sociology
Riska, E. (2003) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1080/14034940210165145 · Cited by 7
Saving Deaf Children? Screening for Hearing loss as a Public-interest Case
Bosteels, S., Vandenbroeck, M., & Hove, G. V. (2016) · Journal of Bioethical Inquiry · doi:10.1007/s11673-016-9752-y · Cited by 8
Sports Medicine, Health, and the Politics of Risk
Safai, P. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118325261.ch6 · Cited by 7
Examining cervical cancer screening adherence: how does healthism influence participation?
Ciziceno, M., Bertolazzi, A., & Quaglia, V. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-24631-x · Cited by 7
Vilhena, C. I. F. D. C. C., & Ferreira, A. G. (2014) · História da Educação · doi:10.1590/s2236-34592014000300008 · Cited by 6
The Birth of Digital Epidemiology in South Korea
Kim, E. S. (2023) · East Asian Science Technology and Society An International Journal · doi:10.1080/18752160.2023.2177405 · Cited by 7
Care(less) encounters: early maternal distress and the haunted clinic
Stone, M., Kokanović, R., & Broom, A. F. (2018) · Subjectivity · doi:10.1057/s41286-018-0047-0 · Cited by 6
Reubi, D. (2020) · Medical Anthropology Quarterly · doi:10.1111/maq.12609 · Cited by 6
Voir, Faire voir et apprendre à voir
Rémery, V., & Benou, N. D. (2020) · Revue d anthropologie des connaissances · doi:10.4000/rac.10353 · Cited by 6
Riso, B. (2022) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc12040113 · Cited by 6
da Cunha, D. S., & Raposo, H. (2022) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc12040119 · Cited by 7
Jayne, M., & Valentine, G. (2023) · Dialogues in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/20438206221144815 · Cited by 6
Lack of motivation as suffering
Møller, J. E. (2010) · Tidsskrift for Forskning i Sygdom og Samfund · doi:10.7146/tfss.v7i13.4151 · Cited by 6
Disciplining the audiological encounter
Hindhede, A. L. (2010) · Health Sociology Review · doi:10.5172/hesr.2010.19.1.100 · Cited by 6
Social Representations of Human Papillomavirus in Bogotá, Colombia
Wiesner, C., Acosta, J. A., del Castillo, A. D., & Tovar, S. (2012) · Medical Anthropology · doi:10.1080/01459740.2011.633947 · Cited by 6
The mutual shaping of life insurance and medicine in Finland
Jauho, M. (2015) · Social Studies of Science · doi:10.1177/0306312715599850 · Cited by 6
Portraits of John Hunter's patients
James, D. H. (2013) · Medical Humanities · doi:10.1136/medhum-2012-010278 · Cited by 6
La santé : du public à l’intime
Bloy, G., Adhéra, N., & Rigal, L. (2015) · Presses de l’EHESP eBooks · doi:10.3917/ehesp.meida.2015.01.0123 · Cited by 6
Narration and Neuroscience: Encountering the Social on the “Last Frontier of Medicine”
Shostak, S., & Waggoner, M. R. (2011) · Advances in medical sociology · doi:10.1108/s1057-6290(2011)0000013007 · Cited by 6
Medicalization and Contested Illnesses
Dew, K. P., Scott, A., & Kirkman, A. M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31508-9_8 · Cited by 6
Online risk numbers – helpful, meaningless or simply wrong? Reflections on online risk calculators
Skolbekken, J. (2019) · Health An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health Illness and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1363459319826183 · Cited by 7
Benko, K. (2019) · Environment and Planning E Nature and Space · doi:10.1177/2514848619851102 · Cited by 6
Egher, C. (2020) · Science & Technology Studies · doi:10.23987/sts.60782 · Cited by 6
Hammer, R., Gouilhers, S., Radu, I., Pehlke‐Milde, J., & Meyer, Y. (2022) · SSM - Qualitative Research in Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmqr.2022.100152 · Cited by 6
Bar-Haim, S., Baraitser, L., & Moore, M. D. (2023) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18913.1 · Cited by 6
Health, Medicine and Surveillance in the 21st Century
Earle, S., Foley, P., Komaromy, C., & Lloyd, C. E. (2009) · Surveillance & Society · doi:10.24908/ss.v6i2.3250 · Cited by 6
Disciplinary power and the process of training informal carers on stroke units
Sadler, E., Hawkins, R., Clarke, D. J., Godfrey, M., Dickerson, J., & McKevitt, C. (2017) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12625 · Cited by 6
From gluttony to obesity: moral discourses on apoplexy and stroke
Daneski, K., HIGGS, P. F. D., & Morgan, M. (2010) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9566.2010.01247.x · Cited by 6
Social Questions, Medical Answers: Contesting British Abortion Law
Amery, F. (2013) · Social Politics International Studies in Gender State & Society · doi:10.1093/sp/jxt003 · Cited by 6
Wennberg, A. L. (2015) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 6
French, M. A. (2009) · QSpace (Queen's University Library) · Cited by 5
'A fight about nothing': constructions of domestic violence.
Jones, M. (2004) · Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) · Cited by 6
Lupton, D. A. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3806386 · Cited by 6
Vale, E. (2012) · Open University of Cape Town (University of Cape Town) · Cited by 6
On the anatomy of power : bodies of knowledge in South African socio-medical discourse
Butchart, A. (1995) · Unisa Institutional Repository (University of South Africa) · Cited by 6
Towards responsible surveillance in preventive health data-AI research
Muller, S. H. A., van Delden, J. J. M., & van Thiel, G. J. M. W. (2025) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0001146 · Cited by 5
Uma articulação conceitual para boas práticas preventivas (ou para a prevenção quaternária)
Tesser, C. D. (2024) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311xpt068123 · Cited by 10
Skolbekken, J., Østerlie, W., & Forsmo, S. (2012) · Health Risk & Society · doi:10.1080/13698575.2012.661408 · Cited by 5
Relational Risk: How Relationships Shape Personal Assessments of Risk and Mitigation
Urena, A. (2022) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/00031224221112902 · Cited by 7
The social life of natural experiments in epidemiology and public health
Herrick, C., & Bell, K. (2023) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.13703 · Cited by 5
mHealth and the Digital Cyborg Body: The Running Apps in a Society of Control
Sacramento, I. P., & Wanick, V. (2017) · Human-computer interaction series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-60672-9_3 · Cited by 6
From quantified to qualculated age: the health pragmatics of biological age measurement
Moreira, T., Hansen, A., & Lassen, A. J. (2020) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.13109 · Cited by 5
Shaffer, J. D. (2021) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12924 · Cited by 7
Epilepsy, digital technology and the black-boxed self
Roach, R. (2017) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444817736926 · Cited by 5
Clarke, J. N., Mosleh, D., & Janketic, N. (2014) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.12155 · Cited by 5
Cheek, J., & Willis, E. (1998) · Australian Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1002/j.1839-4655.1998.tb01327.x · Cited by 5
Fleck the Public Health Expert
Löwy, I. (2015) · Science Technology & Human Values · doi:10.1177/0162243915610003 · Cited by 5
From medicalisation to riskisation: governing early childhood development
Tseng, F. (2016) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12484 · Cited by 5
Patients’ stories of encounters with doctors: Expectations and anxieties
Arieli, D., & Tamir, B. (2018) · Patient Experience Journal · doi:10.35680/2372-0247.1253 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Armstrong, D.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Armstrong, David
- ORCID
- Armstrong, David
- Venue
- Sociology of Health & Illness
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1995-06
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 393-404
- ISSN
- 0141-9889 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9566
- OpenAlex
- W2008982090
- Cited by
- 1,083
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 61
- FWCI
- 7.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sociology of Health & Illness (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Medicine, History, and Philosophy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Historical and modern epidemiology studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › History of Science and Medicine
- Keywords
- healthy population, 20th century medicine, hospital medicine
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review