Cited by 1,083Medicine, History, and PhilosophyHistorical and modern epidemiology studiesHistory of Science and Medicine

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The rise of surveillance medicine

Armstrong, David·1995·Sociology of Health & Illness

DOI 10.1111/1467-9566.ep10933329

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Despite the obvious triumph of a medical theory and practice grounded in the hospital, a new medicine based on the surveillance of normal populations can be identified as emerging in the twentieth century. This new Surveillance Medicine involves a fundamental remapping of the spaces of illness. This includes the problematisation of normality, the redrawing of the relationship between symptom, sign and illness, and the localisation of illness outside the corporal space of the body. It is argued that this new medicine has important implications for the constitution of identity in the late twentieth century.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/1467-9566.ep10933329

Cites

21 of 21 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Governing the soul: the shaping of the private self
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-6033 · Cited by 3,824
The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception.
Loudon, J. B., Foucault, M., & Smith, A. M. (1974) · Man · doi:10.2307/2800095 · Cited by 3,461
The birth of the clinic : an archaeology of medical perception
Foucault, M., & Sheridan, A. (1974) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203406373 · Cited by 2,679
Governing the Soul: The Shaping of the Private Self
Ajzenstadt, M., Menzies, R., & Rose, N. (1991) · The Canadian Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2307/3341282 · Cited by 1,114
The Disappearance of the Sick-Man from Medical Cosmology, 1770-1870
Jewson, N. (1976) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/003803857601000202 · Cited by 520
Political Anatomy of the Body: Medical Knowledge in Britain in the Twentieth Century
Soffer, R. N., & Armstrong, D. (1984) · The American Historical Review · doi:10.2307/1862620 · Cited by 436
Self-citation
The psychological complex
Rose, N. (1985) · Cited by 299
Medicine at the Paris Hospital, 1794-1848
TD (1967) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-196711000-00045 · Cited by 217
Redefining health: Living with cancer
Singer, M. K. (1993) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(93)90261-2 · Cited by 206
Public Health Spaces and the Fabrication of Identity
Armstrong, D. (1993) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/0038038593027003004 · Cited by 183
Self-citation

Show all 21 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Brown M. A., 1929, Teaching Health in Fargo
Smith F. B., 1979, The People's Health: 1830–1910

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 997

“I See No Other Option:” Maternal Practices of Sleep-Training and Co-Sleeping as the Management of Vulnerability
Howson, S. (2018) · Studies in the Maternal · doi:10.16995/sim.246 · Cited by 5
Unqueering Transgender? A Queer Geography of Transnormativity in Two Online Communities
LeBlanc, F. J. (2010) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.16985020 · Cited by 5
Editor's Briefing
Jones, R. H. (2012) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp12x659042 · Cited by 5
Tiedon muodostus ja virtuaalikirjaston rakentaminen: konstruktionistinen analyysi
Tuominen, K. (2001) · Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) · Cited by 5
Commentary: The appearance of new medical cosmologies and the re-appearance of sick and healthy men and women: a comment on the merits of social theorizing
Nettleton, S. (2009) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyp181 · Cited by 5
Parenting the stillborn : gender, identity and bereavement
Murphy, S. (2009) · Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) · Cited by 5
Connecting a sociology of childhood perspective with the study of child health, illness and wellbeing: introduction
Brady, G., Lowe, P., & Lauritzen, S. O. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781119069522.ch1 · Cited by 5
Parents, watching
Howell, J. P. (2010) · doi:10.17077/etd.a4wpg2r2 · Cited by 5
“Wellness” as Incipient Illness: Dietary Supplements in a Biomedical Culture
Derkatch, C. (2023) · doi:10.32920/24660450.v1 · Cited by 5
Surveillance medicine 2.0: digital monitoring of community health workers in India
Bärnreuther, S. (2024) · Anthropology and Medicine · doi:10.1080/13648470.2024.2378733 · Cited by 4
Living with the rare late-onset genetic disease CADASIL: Improvising “tactics” to appropriate biomedical knowledge and technology
Akrich, M., Paterson, F., & Rabeharisoa, V. (2025) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117797 · Cited by 4
Conceptualising Decadent Technology: A Case Study of Path Dependence in Radiotherapy
Ashmore, L. (2015) · Science as Culture · doi:10.1080/09505431.2015.1065243 · Cited by 4
Stortingsdebattene om mammografiscreening i 1998
Solbjør, M. (2018) · Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening · doi:10.4045/tidsskr.17.1049 · Cited by 4
Miscarriage and Curtains: A phenomenological autoethnography of curtains, privacy, and loss in an Early Pregnancy Unit in the UK
Grant, A. (2023) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103786 · Cited by 4
Experiences and management of uncertainty following treatment for prostate cancer
Green, R. (2024) · Health Risk & Society · doi:10.1080/13698575.2024.2345631 · Cited by 4
Trans depathologisation and gender identity disorder in Japan: A critical discourse analysis of medical literature, 2010–2022
Konishi, Y. (2024) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117039 · Cited by 4
Emerging Dilemmas in the Age of Resistance: The Case of Sexually Transmitted Infections
Chandra, S., Broom, A., Peterie, M., Ridge, D., Kenny, K., Lafferty, L., Treloar, C., Applegate, T. L., & Broom, J. (2024) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/10497323241302668 · Cited by 3
Power, Present and Past: For a Historical Sociology of Health and Illness
Jones, I. R. (2003) · Social Theory & Health · doi:10.1057/palgrave.sth.8700007 · Cited by 4
On making nursing undergraduate human reproductive physiology content meaningful and relevant: Discussion of human pleasure in its biological context
McClusky, L. M. (2011) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2011.02.002 · Cited by 4
Seeing and knowing in twenty-first century genetic medicine: the clinical pedigree as epistemological tool and hybrid risk technique
Polzer, J., & Robertson, A. R. R. (2010) · New Genetics and Society · doi:10.1080/14636778.2010.484227 · Cited by 4
‘She’s done two and that’s harsh’: The agency of infants with congenital conditions as invoked through parent narratives
Redshaw, S. (2014) · Health Sociology Review · doi:10.1080/14461242.2014.11081967 · Cited by 5
Masculinity and Immigrant Health Practices: How Male Kurdish Immigrants to the United States Think about and Practice Health
Othman, J. K., & Linders, A. (2018) · Qualitative Sociology Review · doi:10.18778/1733-8077.14.1.02 · Cited by 4
Körperdaten – Datenkörper. Auf den Spuren mehrdeutiger Reisen von Datenkörpern zwischen Empowerment und sozialer Kontrolle im Gesundheitsbereich
Mager, A., & Mayer, K. (2019) · Momentum Quarterly - Zeitschrift für sozialen Fortschritt · doi:10.15203/momentumquarterly.vol8.no2.p95-108 · Cited by 4
La biomedicalizacion del riesgo sexual en America Latina en el siglo XXI
Cruz, C. T., & Díaz, E. M. S. (2020) · Revista Ciencias de la Salud · doi:10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.9799 · Cited by 4
Bad television, unhealthy computers? Children’s mapping of health, fun and morality
Radkowska-Walkowicz, M. (2020) · Children s Geographies · doi:10.1080/14733285.2020.1849561 · Cited by 4
I: COVID-19 pandemic and the politics of risk: Perspectives on science, state and society in India
Sujatha, V. (2021) · Contributions to Indian Sociology · doi:10.1177/00699667211010710 · Cited by 4
Technologies of Ascription: How Does a Dementia Diagnosis Acquire its Symbolic Power of Exclusion in Later Life?
Libert, S., & HIGGS, P. F. D. (2022) · Anthropology & Aging · doi:10.5195/aa.2022.355 · Cited by 5
Biosecurity, Economic Collapse, the State to Come
Boukalas, C. (2022) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003302988 · Cited by 4
A Critical History of Health Films in Central and Eastern Europe and Beyond
Shmidt, V., & Käser, K. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003272267 · Cited by 4
MASCULINITY, ILL HEALTH, HEALTH HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH MAINTENANCE OF DIABETIC MALE PATIENTS: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS FROM BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Idris, D. R., Hassan, N. S., & Sofian, N. (2019) · Belitung Nursing Journal · doi:10.33546/bnj.702 · Cited by 4
Lifestylisation of the social: The government of diabetes care in Denmark
Knudsen, S. G., & Triantafillou, P. (2020) · Health An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health Illness and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1363459319899454 · Cited by 4
On the ‘failure’ of postmodernism in medical sociology
Tomso, G. (2009) · Social Theory & Health · doi:10.1057/sth.2008.14 · Cited by 4
‘Only odd people wore suede shoes’:1 careers and sexual identities of men attending a sexual health clinic
Pryce, A. (2004) · Nursing Inquiry · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1800.2004.00232.x · Cited by 4
Explaining the Absence of the Lay Voice in Sexual Health Through Sociological Theories of Healthcare
Lohan, M., & Coleman, C. (2005) · Social Theory & Health · doi:10.1057/palgrave.sth.8700047 · Cited by 4
‘Some people live out their own snuff movie’: Knowledge, ‘safer’ sex and managing desire in the city
Pryce, A. (2001) · Sexual & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/14681990020021539 · Cited by 4
Representations of Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the North American Roman Catholic Print Media, 1990–2013
Sawchuk, D., & Clarke, J. N. (2015) · Journal of Disability & Religion · doi:10.1080/23312521.2015.1024910 · Cited by 4
The history of health promotion
Mold, A., & Berridge, V. S. (2013) · Cited by 4
Droits, devoirs et dilemmes des femmes à risque génétique de cancer
Zufferey, M. C. (2014) · Socio-anthropologie · doi:10.4000/socio-anthropologie.1658 · Cited by 4
Tom Horlick-Jones and risk work
Alaszewski, A. (2018) · Health Risk & Society · doi:10.1080/13698575.2018.1443205 · Cited by 4
Introduction: Looking within from without
Hutson, D. J. (2011) · Advances in medical sociology · doi:10.1108/s1057-6290(2011)0000012005 · Cited by 4
Popular Pedagogies, Illness and the Gendered Body: Reading Breast Cancer Discourse in Cyberspace
Pitts, V. L. (2001) · Popular Culture Review · doi:10.1002/j.2831-865x.2001.tb00544.x · Cited by 4
Conceptualising the patient
Armstrong, D. (2002) · Journal of Health Services Research & Policy · doi:10.1258/135581902320432787 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Normes et valeurs dans le champ de la santé
Boissonnat, V. (2004) · Presses de l’EHESP eBooks · doi:10.3917/ehesp.cress.2004.01.0151 · Cited by 4
Physical Culture, Pedagogies of Health, and the Gendered Body
Rich, E., & Evans, J. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118325261.ch10 · Cited by 4
Nurse-led pre-travel health consultations : evaluating current practice and developing a new model
Willcox, A. (2026) · Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) · doi:10.82444/warw.33608170 · Cited by 4
Cultural competence in primary child health care services - interaction between primary child health care nurses, parents of foreign origin and their children
Berlin, A. (2010) · Figshare · Cited by 4
Paradigmas médicos e Atenção Primária à Saúde: vigilância da população e/ou produção de vida?
Carvalho, S. R., de Andrade, H. S., Cunha, G. T., & Armstrong, D. (2016) · Interface - Comunicação Saúde Educação · doi:10.1590/1807-57622016.0410 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Lay men's and health professionals' beliefs about masculinity and preventative health care.
Robertson, S. (2003) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · Cited by 4
Biosocial Model of Disability
Berghs, M. J. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69892-2_483-1 · Cited by 4
Contesting Representations of Refugee‑Background Women (and Men) as ‘Needy’ and ‘Problematic’ in Healthcare Literature in Aotearoa New Zealand: Advancing the Case for a Capability‑Driven Model
Ford, K. M. (2012) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17003206.v1 · Cited by 4
In the Vanguard of Biomedicine? The Curious and Contradictory Case of Anti‐Ageing Medicine
Fishman, J. R., Settersten, R. A., & Flatt, M. A. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9781444391541.ch3 · Cited by 4
Brief Illness, Haunting Effects: Gestational Diabetes and the Spectrality of Care
Guernon, A.-S. (2025) · Culture Medicine and Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s11013-025-09948-x · Cited by 3
Numbering normal
McGuire, C. A. (2020) · Manchester University Press eBooks · doi:10.7765/9781526143167.00009 · Cited by 3
Normal isn't normal: On the medicalization of health
Levin, J., & Bradshaw, M. (2023) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2023.10.008 · Cited by 3
Securing the Pandemic: Biopolitics, Capital, and COVID-19
Kelly, M. G. E. (2023) · Foucault Studies · doi:10.1353/fou.2023.a940834 · Cited by 3
Testing Care and Morality: Everyday Testing During COVID-19 in Denmark
Nørholm, C. T. E., Seeberg, J., Roepstorff, A., & Høybye, M. T. (2024) · Medical Anthropology · doi:10.1080/01459740.2024.2324897 · Cited by 3
‘I’m doomed!’: audience responses to media reporting on the link between sleep and Alzheimer’s disease
Breheny, M., Ross, I., & Gibson, R. H. (2025) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daaf100 · Cited by 3
L'annonce prénatale d'un risque de handicap
Vassy, C., & Champenois-Rousseau, B. (2014) · Contraste · doi:10.3917/cont.040.0133
A domain-analytic perspective on sexual health in LCSH and RVM
McTavish, J. R. (2011) · NASKO · doi:10.7152/nasko.v3i1.12793 · Cited by 3
Genetics, ethics and governance
Bunton, R., & Petersen, A. R. (2002) · Critical Public Health · doi:10.1080/09581590210127343 · Cited by 3
The Production of Autism Diagnoses within an Institutional Network: Towards a Theory of Diagnosis
Rossi, N. T. (2012) · Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University) · doi:10.7916/d8m90gpg · Cited by 3
Embodied Spatial Practices and the Power to Care
Paradis, E., Liew, W. M., & Leslie, M. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190842475.013.28 · Cited by 3
Le social à l’épreuve, l’épreuve du social. Ou l’art d’accommoder la position sociale des patients dans le travail préventif en médecine générale
Bloy, G., Richerand, N., & Rigal, L. (2021) · Revue d Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique · doi:10.1016/j.respe.2018.06.001 · Cited by 5
La povertà alimentare in Toscana. Strumenti di contrasto e possibili ricadute sul benessere e la salute delle persone
Berti, F., Bilotti, A., & Valzania, A. (2021) · SALUTE E SOCIETÀ · doi:10.3280/ses2021-002012 · Cited by 3
Relationship between Religiosity and Life Satisfaction in Undergraduate Students at Kohat University of Science & Technology KPK Pakistan
Zahoor, N., Khattak, A. Z., Amjad, M., Shaukat, S., Khanum, U., & Raziq, U. (2021) · Journal of Professional & Applied Psychology · doi:10.52053/jpap.v2i1.32 · Cited by 3
Upright breech birth: New video research risks reviving Friedman’s curse
Daviss, B., & Johnson, K. C. (2021) · Birth · doi:10.1111/birt.12585 · Cited by 3
Paradoxes of genetic testing for cancer susceptibility: Empowerment and risk
Угарова, А. С. (2018) · Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Серия 12. Социология · doi:10.21638/11701/spbu12.2018.108 · Cited by 3
paradoxo da popularidade no rastreamento mamográfico e a prevenção quaternária
Tesser, C. D. (2023) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade · doi:10.5712/rbmfc18(45)3487 · Cited by 4
Every Breath You Take, I’ll Be Watching You. Explicit Surveillance and Algorithmic Countersurveillance in Healthcare
Moretti, V., & Caliandro, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-52049-5_8 · Cited by 3
The Racial Spectacular: Pandemic Governance Through Dashboards and State Biosecurity
Krupar, S. R., & Ehlers, N. (2024) · Science Technology & Human Values · doi:10.1177/01622439241265641 · Cited by 3
The social lives of COVID-19 data: following disease surveillance from institutions of power into everyday pandemic society
Cruz, T. M. (2025) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2025.2543029 · Cited by 3
Advice to mothers about managing children's behaviours in C anada's premier woman's magazine: a comparison of 1945–1956 with 1990–2010
Clarke, J. N. (2013) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.12079 · Cited by 3
The Duty to Survive Well: Neoliberal Governance, Temporality and Breast Cancer Survivorship Discourse
Pack, R. (2018) · Scholarship@Western (Western University) · Cited by 3
Antiviral Marketing: The Informationalization of HIV Prevention
MacAulay, M. (2019) · Canadian Journal of Communication · doi:10.22230/cjc.2019v44n2a3331 · Cited by 3
Let's Get Back to Normal? COVID-19 and the Logic of Cure
Berghs, M. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Sociology · doi:10.3389/fsoc.2022.782582 · Cited by 3
The governance of AIDS in Chile: power/knowledge, patient‐user organisation, and the formation of the biological citizen*
Valenzuela, H. C., & Zamora, I. P. (2011) · International Social Science Journal · doi:10.1111/issj.12003 · Cited by 3
'Does your mother know you are heterosexual?': Discretion management and resistance of the erotic in the genitourinary clinic
Pryce, A. (2000) · Critical Public Health · doi:10.1080/713658258 · Cited by 3
The Portrayal of Children's Mental Health and Developmental Issues from 1890 to 1920 in Mass Print Magazines in North America
Clarke, J. N. (2015) · Children & Society · doi:10.1111/chso.12121 · Cited by 3
A survey of exercise patterns in primigravidae at a Scottish NHS Trust: More consistent support and advice required for women and their families
Weallens, E., Clark, A. M., Maclntyre, P., & Gaudoin, M. (2003) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/001789690306200305 · Cited by 3
Effectiveness of public health and education programs for creating awareness of and managing cardiovascular disease
White, S. J. (2011) · Patient Intelligence · doi:10.2147/pi.s12425 · Cited by 3
Pruebas genéticas predictivas y percepción de riesgos: apuntes para la comunicación pública de contenidos sobre biotecnología
Castiel, L. D., & Sanz‐Valero, J. (2006) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · doi:10.1590/s1851-82652006000200005 · Cited by 3
Transforming subjectivities: global mental health, biopolitics, & depression in Chile
Cuthbertson, C. A. (2014) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 3
Clínica Médica, Saúde Pública e subjetividade: conversas com David Armstrong
Carvalho, S. R. (2016) · Interface - Comunicação Saúde Educação · doi:10.1590/1807-57622015.0793 · Cited by 3
Professioneller Entscheidungsunterricht. Vom Klienten zum mündigen Entscheider
Samerski, S. (2013) · Leviathan · doi:10.5771/0340-0425-2013-1-144 · Cited by 3
Public challenge and endorsement of sex category ambiguity in online debate: ‘The sooner people stop thinking that gender is a matter of choice the better’
Sweeting, H. N., Maycock, M. W., Walker, L., & Hunt, K. (2016) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12490 · Cited by 3
A history of medical practices in the case of autism: A Foucauldian analysis using archaeology and genealogy
Skubby, D. (2012) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 3
Symptoms, signs, and risk factors
Jauho, M., & Helén, I. (2018) · History of the Human Sciences · doi:10.1177/0952695117741055 · Cited by 3
From enforcement to advocacy – Developing a Foucauldian perspective of pharmacists' reflections on interactions with complex patients
Luetsch, K. (2018) · Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.06.020 · Cited by 3
In Hermes’ shoes: Labelling and diagnosing children as acts of translation
Mercieca, D. P., Mercieca, D., & Bugeja, S. (2018) · Theory & Psychology · doi:10.1177/0959354318789264 · Cited by 3
Alzheimer's: the story of a disease without illness
Moretti, V. (2019) · SALUTE E SOCIETÀ · doi:10.3280/ses2019-001009 · Cited by 3
A qualitative exploration of the prescribing and use of statins in asymptomatic people in Ireland: A case of medicalisation, biomedicalisation and pharmaceuticalisation
Byrne, P., O’Donovan, Ó., Smith, S. M., & Cullinan, J. (2020) · Health An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health Illness and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1363459320946067 · Cited by 3
Human papillomavirus self‐sampling: A tool in cancer prevention and sexual health promotion
Mamo, L., Pérez, A. E., & Rios, L. (2021) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.13421 · Cited by 3
Bodily Sensibility: Vocabularies of the Discredited Male Body
Monaghan, L. F., & Hardey, M. (2011) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230304239_3 · Cited by 3
Detecting the unknown in a sea of knowns: Health surveillance, knowledge infrastructures, and the quest for classification egress
Lee, F. (2022) · Science in Context · doi:10.1017/s0269889723000133 · Cited by 3
Whose DNA? Genetic surveillance, ownership of information and newborn screening
Boyes, M. (1999) · New Genetics and Society · doi:10.1080/14636779908656896 · Cited by 3
Interpreting intracorporeal landscapes: how patients visualize pathophysiology and utilize medical images in their understanding of chronic musculoskeletal illness
Moore, A. J., Richardson, J. C., Bernard, M., & Sim, J. (2018) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2018.1443162 · Cited by 3
Social Order and Disorder in Autism
Hollin, G. J. S. (2013) · UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University) · doi:10.17613/ekway-xtv93 · Cited by 3
Caesarean section in the absence of clinical indications : discourses constituting choice in childbirth.
Douché, J. (2007) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 3
Introduction
Bourrier, M., & Burton‐Jeangros, C. (2014) · Socio-anthropologie · doi:10.4000/socio-anthropologie.1633 · Cited by 3
Early warning systems and the organisational dynamics of standardisation
Suokas, A. K. (2010) · Figshare · Cited by 3

Authors: Armstrong, D.
Affiliations: University of London (GB)
Corresponding author: Armstrong, David
ORCID: Armstrong, David
Venue: Sociology of Health & Illness
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1995-06
Volume: 17
Issue: 3
Pages: 393-404
ISSN: 0141-9889 (ISSN-L)
1467-9566
DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.ep10933329
OpenAlex: W2008982090
Cited by: 1,083
References: 21
Citations by year: 2026: 29 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 61
FWCI: 7.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 4776 d)
Locations: Sociology of Health & Illness (publishedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Medicine, History, and Philosophy
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Historical and modern epidemiology studies
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › History of Science and Medicine
Keywords: healthy population, 20th century medicine, hospital medicine

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The rise of surveillance medicine

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks