Cited by 879Language Development and DisordersNeurobiology of Language and BilingualismReading and Literacy Development

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Psycholinguistic Markers for Specific Language Impairment (SLI)

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Conti‐Ramsden, Gina, Botting, Nicola, Faragher, Brian·2001·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry

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Abstract

In this study 160 children, aged 11 years with a definite history of specific language impairment (SLI), completed four tasks that could be potential positive psycholinguistic markers for this impairment: a third person singular task, a past tense task, a nonword repetition task, and a sentence repetition task. This allowed examination of more than one type of marker simultaneously, facilitating both comparisons between markers and also evaluation of combinations of markers in relation to identifying SLI. The study also provided data regarding the markers in relation to nonverbal IQ, made use of new normative data on all tasks, and examined marker accuracy in relation to current language status. The results show that markers vary in accuracy, with sentence repetition (a previously unused marker) proving to be the most useful. This psycholinguistic marker shows high levels of sensitivity (90%), specificity (85%), and overall accuracy (88%), as well as being able to identify the majority of children whose current language status falls in the normal range despite a history of SLI.

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Trastorno Específico del Desarrollo del Lenguaje en una población infantil colombiana
Hincapié, L., Giraldo-Prieto, M., Lopera-Restrepo, F., Pineda-Salazar, D. A., Rebolledo, R. C., Lopera-Vásquez, J. P., Mendieta-Villamizar, N. S., Jaramillo-Pérez, Á. M. Á. M., Arboleda-Ramirez, A., Aguirre–Acevedo, D. C., et al. (2008) · Universitas Psychologica · Cited by 16
The Dimensionality of Language Ability in Four-Year-Olds: Construct Validation of a Language Screening Tool
Klem, M., Gustafsson, J., & Hagtvet, B. E. (2014) · Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00313831.2014.904416 · Cited by 16
Interpretation of compound nouns by adolescents with specific language impairment and autism spectrum disorders: An investigation of phenotypic overlap
Riches, N. G., Loucas, T., Baird, G., Charman, T., & Simonoff, E. A. (2012) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.3109/17549507.2012.679313 · Cited by 16
“The CNRep has demonstrated potential as a psycholinguistic marker of SLI (Conti-Ramsden et al., 2001), and is a good predictor of lexical growth during early language development (Gathercole, Willis, Emslie, & Baddeley, 1992).”
Background
Phonological Priming With Nonwords in Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment
Brooks, P. J., Seiger‐Gardner, L., Obeid, R., & MacWhinney, B. (2015) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2015_jslhr-l-14-0212 · Cited by 16
Memory functioning and mental verbs acquisition in children with specific language impairment.
Spanoudis, G., & Natsopoulos, D. (2011) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.05.011 · Cited by 23
Children challenged by writing due to language and motor difficulties
Connelly, V. J., Dockrell, J. E., & Barnett, A. L. (2012) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 16
Morphosyntactic abilities of toddlers with hearing impairment and normal hearing: evidence from a sentence‐repetition task
Novogrodsky, R., Meir, N., & Michael, R. (2018) · International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders · doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12386 · Cited by 16
Screening for Language Difficulties in Disadvantaged Populations on Entry to Early Years Education: Challenges and Opportunities
Dockrell, J. E., Forrest, C. L., Law, J., Mathers, S. J., & Charlton, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2022.833603 · Cited by 16
“Sentence repetition tasks are very sensitive markers for identifying children with developmental language disorder (62).”
Background
SPICES: Disclosure Practices to Help Caregivers Digest a Diagnosis of Developmental Language Disorder
Tighe, J. M., & Namazi, M. (2022) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2022_ajslp-21-00295 · Cited by 17
The perfective past tense in Greek children with specific language impairment
Stavrakaki, S., Koutsandreas, K., & Clahsen, H. (2012) · Morphology · doi:10.1007/s11525-011-9194-5 · Cited by 15
A Sentence Repetition Task for Catalan-Speaking Typically-Developing Children and Children with Specific Language Impairment
Gavarró, A. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01865 · Cited by 15
“Amongst the tools developed there were several sentence repetition tasks (SRT); this type of task has proven very effective in identifying children with SLI (Conti-Ramsden et al., 2001; Stokes et al., 2006; Bishop et al., 2009).”
Method
Language status at age 3: Group and individual prediction from vocabulary comprehension in the second year.
Friend, M., Smolak, E., Patrucco-Nanchen, T., Poulin‐Dubois, D., & Zesiger, P. (2018) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000617 · Cited by 16
“From these findings, Dale et al. (2003) concluded that supplemental assessment is necessary to identify developmental risk.”
Sentence Repetition in Farsi-English Bilingual Children
Komeili, M., Marinis, T., Tavakoli, P., & Kazemi, Y. (2020) · Journal of the European Second Language Association · doi:10.22599/jesla.55 · Cited by 15
The sentence repetition task as a measure of sign language proficiency
Schönström, K., & Hauser, P. C. (2021) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716421000436 · Cited by 15
“Sentence Repetition Test have been claimed to be the best single test for identifying children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) due to their high specificity and sensitivity (Archibald & Joanisse, 2009; Conti-Ramsden et al., 2001; Fleckstein et al., 2016; Stokes et al., 2006).”
Background
Measuring Grammatical Development in Bilingual Mandarin-English Speaking Children with a Sentence Repetition Task
Woon, C. P., Yap, N. T., Lim, H. W., & Wong, B. E. (2014) · Journal of Education and Learning · doi:10.5539/jel.v3n3p144 · Cited by 15
“In Conti-Ramsden et al. (2001), they suggest that SR in particular proved to be the most reliable tool.”
Background
Diagnostik und Differenzierung sprachentwicklungsgest�rter Kinder?
Keilmann, A., Braun, L., & Sch�ler, H. (2004) · HNO · doi:10.1007/s00106-004-1115-z · Cited by 15
Identification of fluency and word‐finding difficulty in samples of children with diverse language backgrounds
Howell, P., Tang, K., Tuomainen, O., Chan, S. K., Beltran, K., Mirawdeli, A., & Harris, J. (2016) · International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders · doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12305 · Cited by 15
Do measures of memory, language, and attention predict eyewitness memory in children with and without autism?
Henry, L. A., Messer, D. J., Wilcock, R. A., Nash, G., Kirke‐Smith, M., Hobson, Z., & Crane, L. (2017) · Autism & Developmental Language Impairments · doi:10.1177/2396941517722139 · Cited by 15
Children with mixed developmental language disorder have more insecure patterns of attachment
Assous, A., Borghini, A., Lévy-Rueff, M., Rittori, G., Rousselot‐Pailley, B., Gosme, C., Zigante, F., Golse, B., Falissard, B., & Robel, L. (2018) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-018-0268-6 · Cited by 18
The Role of Phonotactic Frequency in Sentence Repetition by Children With Specific Language Impairment
Coady, J. A., Evans, J. L., & Kluender, K. R. (2010) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2010/07-0264 · Cited by 15
Using Finiteness as a Clinical Marker to Identify Language Impairment
Ash, A. C., & Redmond, S. M. (2014) · Perspectives on Language Learning and Education · doi:10.1044/lle21.4.148 · Cited by 15
Two Grammatical Tasks for Screening Language Abilities in Spanish-Speaking Children
Auza Benavides, A., Kapantzoglou, M., & Murata, C. (2018) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2017_ajslp-17-0052 · Cited by 14
Developmental Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Silleresi, S. (2023) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.68 · Cited by 15
Relationship Between Verbal Working Memory and the SCAN–C in Children With Specific Language Impairment
Lum, J. A. G., & Zarafa, M. (2010) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/0161-1461(2010/09-0035 · Cited by 14
Learning by listening to lectures is a challenge for college students with developmental language impairment
Becker, T. C., & McGregor, K. K. (2016) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2016.09.001 · Cited by 14
“Performance on the task correlates with performance on a measure of short-term memory (nonword repetition, Conti-Ramsden et al., 2001), as well as measures of long-term memory (grammar and vocabulary knowledge, Riches, Loucas, Baird, Charman, & Simonoff, 2010; Stokes, Wong, Fletcher, & Leonard,…”
Method
Sensitivity to Audiovisual Temporal Asynchrony in Children With a History of Specific Language Impairment and Their Peers With Typical Development: A Replication and Follow-Up Study
Kaganovich, N. (2017) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-16-0327 · Cited by 15
A Comparative Study of Chunking Mechanism in Children with and without Language Delay
Chun, S., & Yim, D. (2017) · Eon'eo cheong'gag jang'ae yeon'gu/Communication sciences & disorders · doi:10.12963/csd.17374 · Cited by 16
Associations Between Manual Dexterity and Language Ability in School-Age Children
Obeid, R., & Brooks, P. J. (2018) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2018_lshss-17-0124 · Cited by 17
Narrative Language Markers of Arabic Language Development and Impairment.
Rakhlin, N. V., Li, N., Aljughaiman, A. M., & Grigorenko, E. (2020) · Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00082 · Cited by 8
“org CASA Institution Identity on 09/17/2 as a probe into the child’s internalized grammatical system and an effective tool for identifying children with DLD (Conti-Ramsden et al., 2001).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential

Authors: Conti‐Ramsden, G., Botting, N., & Faragher, B.
Affiliations: University of Manchester (GB)
ORCID: Conti‐Ramsden, Gina
Botting, Nicola
Venue: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2001-09
Volume: 42
Issue: 6
Pages: 741-748
ISSN: 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
1469-7610
DOI: 10.1111/1469-7610.00770
OpenAlex: W2131789329
Cited by: 879
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 96 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 48
FWCI: 22.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 767 d)
Locations: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Nuffield Foundation
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
Keywords: specific language impairment, psycholinguistic markers, sentence imitation, non-word repetition, third person singular, nonverbal intelligence, reference values, diagnostic accuracy, language assessment, children
MeSH terms: Child, Cognition, Female, Humans, Language Disorders, Language Tests, Male, Psycholinguistics, Psychological Tests, Sensitivity and Specificity

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Psycholinguistic Markers for Specific Language Impairment (SLI)

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