Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 1,352

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Are Selling, General, and Administrative Costs “Sticky”?

Anderson, Mark C., Banker, Rajiv D., Janakiraman, Surya N.·2003·Journal of Accounting Research

Abstract

A fundamental assumption in cost accounting is that the relation between costs and volume is symmetric for volume increases and decreases. In this study, we investigate whether costs are “sticky”—that is, whether costs increase more when activity rises than they decrease when activity falls by an equivalent amount. We find, for 7,629 firms over 20 years, that selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) costs increase on average 0.55% per 1% increase in sales but decrease only 0.35% per 1% decrease in sales. Our analysis compares the traditional model of cost behavior in which costs move proportionately with changes in activity with an alternative model in which sticky costs occur because managers deliberately adjust the resources committed to activities. We test hypotheses about the properties of sticky costs and how the degree of stickiness of SG&A costs varies with firm circumstances.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/1475-679x.00095

Cites

23 of 23 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 23 references

Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. Dechow P., 1994, The Effect of Restructuring Charges on Executives' Cash Compensation, The Accounting Review, 69, 138
  2. Green W, 1997, Econometric Analysis
  3. Hilton R, 1997, Managerial Accounting
  4. Messier W., 2000, Auditing and Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach
  5. Mintz S., 1999, Unsnarling SG&A Costs Requires Constant Vigilance and a Grip on Complexity, CFO Magazine, 15, 44
  6. 10.1016/0165-4101(94)90012-4 · doi:10.1016/0165-4101(94)90012-4
  7. 10.1023/A:1018325711417 · doi:10.1023/a:1018325711417
  8. Stickney C., 1999, Financial Reporting and Statement Analysis

Cited by

See all 1,352

Metadata

Authors
Anderson, M. C., Banker, R. D., & Janakiraman, S. N.
Venue
Journal of Accounting Research
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2003-01-20
Volume
41
Issue
1
Pages
47-63
ISSN
  • 0021-8456 (ISSN-L)
  • 1475-679X
OpenAlex
W2067475882
Cited by
1,352
References
23
FWCI
19.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Are Selling, General, and Administrative Costs “Sticky”? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/1475-679x.00095
The paper
Anderson, M. C., Banker, R. D., & Janakiraman, S. N. (2003). Are Selling, General, and Administrative Costs “Sticky”? Journal of Accounting Research. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679x.00095

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.