Age-related changes in the resident bacterial flora of the human face
Open accessAbstract
Quantitative levels of resident aerobic and anaerobic bacteria of the face, show a characteristic age-related pattern. The density of anaerobic diptheroids and surface aerobic micrococci is higher in infancy than in early childhood. At puberty the quantity of organisms increases, with significantly higher levels achieved in late adolescence. Maximum counts are attained in early adulthood and remain constant until old age when a trend toward lower numbers occurs. These changes seem to correlate with the production of sebum.
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During organism growth, bacterial populations gradually adapt to the skin environment, and microbiota colonization continues until equilibrium is reached in adulthood.
“During the organism’s growth, the bacterial populations gradually adapt to the skin environment, and the microbiota colonization continues until equilibrium is reached in adulthood [8,9,10].”
From Recreating Human Skin In Vitro: Should the Microbiota Be Taken into Account? (2024) · cites this paper as [9]
Skin PAMPAs lack stratified epidermal tissue, skin macromolecules, cell populations, and appendages, and their stratum corneum-mimicking lipid mixture does not contain all lipid subclasses normally present in human skin.
“In particular, they lack the stratified epidermal tissue and all the wide set of skin macromolecules, cell populations, and appendages, while the lipid mixture mimicking the stratum corneum does not contain all the lipid subclasses normally present in the human skin [9,10].”
From Recreating Human Skin In Vitro: Should the Microbiota Be Taken into Account? (2024) · cites this paper as [9]
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Grice, E. A., & Segre, J. A. (2011) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2537 · Cited by 3,143 · see citing works
Microbiome in healthy skin, update for dermatologists
Dréno, B., Araviiskaia, E., Berardesca, E., Gontijo, G., Sanchez Viera, M., Xiang, L. F., Martin, R., & Bieber, T. (2016) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.13965 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Murota, H., Matsui, S., Ono, E., Kijima, A., Kikuta, J., Ishii, M., & Katayama, I. (2015) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.08.011 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Tuong, W., Walker, L., & Sivamani, R. K. (2015) · Journal of Dermatological Treatment · doi:10.3109/09546634.2014.991675 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Recreating Human Skin In Vitro: Should the Microbiota Be Taken into Account?
Galvan, A., Pellicciari, C., & Calderan, L. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25021165 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Leyden, J. J., McGiley, K. J., Mills, O. H., & Kligman, A. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1975-10
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 379-381
- ISSN
- 0022-202X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2027654820
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- age-related changes, Micrococcus, sebum production, puberty, adolescence, aging, skin microbiome, aerobic bacteria
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Face, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Propionibacterium acnes, Sex Factors, Skin, Racial Groups
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