Alginate Oligosaccharides: Production, Biological Activities, and Potential Applications
Abstract
Alginate, a group of polyuronic saccharides, has been widely used in both pharmaceutical and food industries due to its unique physicochemical properties as well as beneficial health effects. However, the potential applications of alginate are restricted because of its low water solubility and high solution viscosity when significant concentrations are needed, particularly in food products. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), oligomers containing 2 to 25 monomers, can be obtained via hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds, organic synthesis, or through biosynthesis. Generally, AOS have shorter chain lengths and thus improved water solubility when compared with higher molecular weight alginates of the same monomers. These oligosaccharides have attracted interest from both basic and applied researchers. AOS have unique bioactivity and can impart health benefits. They have shown immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, prebiotic, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antitumor, anticoagulant, and other activities. As examples, they have been utilized as prebiotics, feed supplements for aquaculture, poultry, and swine, elicitors for plants and microorganisms, cryoprotectors for frozen foods, and postharvest treatments. This review comprehensively covers methods for AOS production from alginate, such as physical/chemical methods, enzymatic methods, fermentation, organic synthesis, and biosynthesis. Moreover, current progress in structural characterization, potential health benefits, and AOS metabolism after ingestion are summarized in this review. This review will discuss methods for producing and modified AOS with desirable structures that are suited for novel applications.
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Alginates and fucoidan are extracted from brown seaweeds, while carrageenan and agar are extracted from red seaweeds.
“Alginates and fucoidan are extracted from brown seaweeds, while carrageenan and agar are extracted from red seaweeds [72].”
From Key Targets for Improving Algal Biofuel Production (2021) · cites this paper as [72]
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Structures, Properties and Applications of Alginates
Abka-khajouei, R., Tounsi, L., Shahabi, N., Patel, A. K., Abdelkafi, S., & Michaud, P. (2022) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md20060364 · Cited by 769 · see citing works
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Key Targets for Improving Algal Biofuel Production
Griffiths, G., Hossain, A. K., Sharma, V., & Duraisamy, G. (2021) · Clean Technologies · doi:10.3390/cleantechnol3040043 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
- Authors
- Liu, J., Yang, S., Li, X., Yan, Q., Reaney, M. J. T., & Jiang, Z.
- Affiliations
- Beijing Technology and Business University (CN)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (CN)
- China Agricultural University (CN)
- Jinan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Jiang, Zhengqiang
- Venue
- Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-09-19
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1859-1881
- ISSN
- 1541-4337 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2973529428
- Cited by
- 311
- References
- 233
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 24.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Basic Research Program of China (2016YFD0400800, 2017YFD0400200)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31272475)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
- Keywords
- alginate oligosaccharides, oligosaccharide production, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, organic synthesis, biosynthesis, prebiotics, immunomodulation, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, antihypertensive effect, antidiabetic activity, anticancer activity, anticoagulant activity, aquaculture feed supplement, plant defense elicitors, cryoprotectants, postharvest treatment, oligosaccharide metabolism, water solubility, alginate
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