The myostatin gene: an overview of mechanisms of action and its relevance to livestock animals
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Summary: Myostatin, also known as growth differentiation factor 8, a member of the transforming growth factor‐beta super‐family, is a negative regulator of muscle development. Myostatin acts at key points during pre‐ and post‐natal life of amniotes that ultimately determine the overall muscle mass of an animal. Mutations have already demonstrated the impact of attenuating myostatin activity on muscle development. A number of large animals, including cattle, sheep, dogs and humans, display the ‘double muscled’ phenotype due to mutations in the myostatin gene. Here, we firstly give an overview of the molecular pathways regulated by myostatin that control muscle development. Then we describe the natural mutations and their associated phenotypes as well as the physiological influence of altering myostatin expression in livestock animals (cattle, sheep, goat, horse, pig, rabbit and chicken). Knowledge of null alleles and polymorphisms in the myostatin gene are of great interest in the animal breeding field, and it could be utilized to improve meat production in livestock animals.
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Minimizing muscle mass during caloric restriction can substantially reduce energy expenditure, thus sparing energy for the maintenance of other more critical organ systems.
“minimizing muscle mass during caloric restriction can substantially reduce energy expenditure, thus sparing energy for the maintenance of other more critical organ systems42–44.”
From GDF8 and activin A blockade protects against GLP-1–induced muscle loss while enhancing fat loss in obese male mice and non-human primates (2025) · cites this paper as [43]
The Myostatin section describes how myostatin limits muscle development, but does not discuss caloric restriction or energy expenditure. A search for those terms and for energy being spared for other organs found no supporting passage in our copy; the Double muscling phenotypes section discusses exercise-related metabolism instead. Page numbers were not available. (LLM, conf=0.70)
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Applications of Myostatin in Poultry and Aquaculture - A Review
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Exploring genetic diversity and genomic inbreeding across local beef cattle breeds
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Crossbreeding effect of double-muscled cattle on in vitro embryo development and quality
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- Authors
- Aiello, D., Patel, K., & Lasagna, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Perugia (IT)
- University of Reading (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lasagna, E.
- Venue
- Animal Genetics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-08-20
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 505-519
- ISSN
- 0268-9146 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2052
- OpenAlex
- W2888306444
- Semantic Scholar
- 23c18bc87c30715000d7e06de59e9e5a8526da7f
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Animal Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CentAUR (University of Reading) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Meat and Animal Product Quality
- Keywords
- myostatin, TGF-beta superfamily, myogenesis, double muscling, null alleles, genetic polymorphism, livestock, meat production, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, rabbits, chickens
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Breeding, Mutation, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Genetic, Signal Transduction, Muscle Development, Myostatin, Livestock
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