How Conditioning on Posttreatment Variables Can Ruin Your Experiment and What to Do about It

Cited by (793)

Items 301–400 of 793

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4. The “Ironic Impact” of Pro-Democracy Activists: How Pro-Democratic Frames Undermine Support for Local Policy-Based Protests in Authoritarian Regimes
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5. Do followers mind the pay gap? An experimental test of the impact of the vertical pay gap on leader effectiveness
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6. Single- and Multilevel Perspectives on Covariate Selection in Randomized Intervention Studies on Student Achievement
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8. Time Preferences between Individuals and Groups in the Transition from Hunter-Gatherer to Industrial Societies
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11. The association of ketamine induction with blood pressure changes in paramedic rapid sequence intubation of out‐of‐hospital traumatic brain injury
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13. The Limit of American Public Support for Military Intervention
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14. The moral license of a click: How social observability and impression management tendencies moderate the effects of online clicktivism on donation behavior
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15. Loan Officer Specialization and Credit Defaults
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16. Winners and losers reconsidered: party support, character valence, and satisfaction with democracy
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17. Big Data and Trust in Public Policy Automation
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18. Racial group affect and support for civil liberties in the United States
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19. Flying Under the Radar: How Frames Influence Public Officials’ Perceptions of Corruption
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20. Do conspiracy theories efficiently signal coalition membership? An experimental test using the “Who Said What?” design
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21. U.S. Public Support for the U.S.-NATO Alliance
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22. Legacies of Resistance and Resilience: Antebellum Free African Americans and Contemporary Minority Social Control in the Northeast
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23. The association of paramedic rapid sequence intubation and survival in out-of-hospital stroke
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24. Confronting Wartime Sexual Violence: Public Support for Survivors in Bosnia
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25. Scaling Up? Unpacking the Effect of Deliberative Mini-Publics on Legitimacy Perceptions
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26. The Liar’s Dividend: Can Politicians Claim Misinformation to Evade Accountability?
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27. (Mis)perception of bias in print media: How depth of content evaluation affects the perception of hostile bias in an objective news report
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28. Protecting Our (White) Daughters: U.S. Immigration and Benevolent Sexism
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29. The Impact of the Defense Attorney on Plea Decision-Making: An Experimental Analysis
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30. Do Violations of Democratic Norms Change Political Attitudes? Evidence From the January 6th Insurrection
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31. To vote or not to vote? Fake news, voter fraud, and support for postponing the 2020 U.S. presidential election
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32. Political Costs of Trade War Tariffs
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33. How Governments Borrow
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34. Elite Selection in Single-Party Autocracies: Minimizing Protests and Counterproductive State Violence to Maintain Social Stability
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35. Grasshoppers exhibit asynchrony and spatial non-stationarity in response to the El Niño/Southern and Pacific Decadal Oscillations
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36. The Electoral Effects of Large-Scale Infrastructure Policies: Evidence from a Rural Electrification Scheme in Brazil
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37. Punishment and blame: How core beliefs affect support for the use of force in a nuclear crisis
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38. Public responses to scientific research: Does disciplinary attribution matter?
    Christopher P. Scheitle, Sara K. Guthrie · 2018 · Public Understanding of Science
39. High-Status Exemplars and the Misperception of the Asian-White Wealth Gap
    Entung Enya Kuo, Michael W. Kraus, Jennifer A. Richeson · 2019
40. "Welcome to France.” Can mandatory integration contracts foster immigrant integration?
    Mathilde Emeriau, Jens Hainmueller, Dominik Hangartner, David D. Laitin · 2022
41. Stigmatizing ‘evildoers’: how beliefs about evil and public stigma explain criminal justice policy preferences
    Jason R. Silver, Luzi Shi, Audrey O. Hickert · 2024 · Psychology Crime and Law
42. In Search of the Causes of the Globalization Backlash: Methodological Considerations on Post-treatment Bias
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43. Measuring Constitutional Loyalty: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic
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44. US allies’ foreign policy alignment in an era of great power competition: An analysis of domestic politics
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45. Observed Correction
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46. Causality and ability beliefs: An introduction to confounders and colliders
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47. A registered report megastudy on the persuasiveness of the most-cited climate messages
    J. Voelkel, A. Ashokkumar, Adina T. Abeles, J. Crawford, Kylie Fuller, Chrystal Redekopp, R. Bongiorno, Troy H. Campbell, Ullrich K. H. Ecker, M. Feinberg et al. · 2026 · Nature Climate Change
48. Do Women Prefer In-Group Police Officers? Survey and Experimental Evidence From India
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49. Partisanship, blame avoidance behaviours and voter reactions to allegations of political misconduct
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50. Distributional consequences shape public support for the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism: evidence from four European countries
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51. Methods in causal inference. Part 2: Interaction, mediation, and time-varying treatments
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52. Accuracy prompts protect professional content moderators from the illusory truth effect
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53. Can norm‐based information campaigns reduce corruption?
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54. Inequality, information, and income tax policy preferences in Austria and Germany
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55. Compulsory voting, turnout, and support for left-wing parties: The case of Australia
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56. Value Conflicts Revisited: Muslims, Gender Equality, and Gestures of Respect
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57. Populism and Support for Limiting the Power of Constitutional Courts: The Case of Germany
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58. A Bayesian Difference-in-Difference Framework for the Impact of Primary Care Redesign on Diabetes Outcomes
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59. Reaching Students with Low Interest: Subject Matter Interest and Perceptions of Open Educational Resources in an Introductory American Government Course
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60. The utility of the brain trauma evidence to inform paramedic rapid sequence intubation in out-of-hospital stroke
    Pieter Francsois Fouche, Paul Jennings, Malcolm J. Boyle · 2020 · BMC Emergency Medicine
61. Are voters less persuaded by female than by male politicians’ statements? A survey experiment in Japan
    Hirofumi Miwa, Musashi Happo, Kaho Odaka · 2020 · Journal of Elections Public Opinion and Parties
62. School suspension predicts trichomoniasis five years later in a matched sample
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63. Ambiguity and self-protection: evidence from social distancing under the COVID-19 pandemic
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64. Scientific consensus communication about contested science: A preregistered meta-analysis
    Aart van Stekelenburg, Gabi Schaap, Harm Veling, Jonathan van ‘t Riet, Moniek Buijzen · 2022
65. Knowledge, Trust or Perspectives? A Causal Mediation Analysis of How a Citizens’ Jury Affected Voting Intentions in the General Public
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66. Dimensions of Pandering Perceptions Among Hispanic Americans and Their Effect on Political Trust
    Marques G. Zárate · 2023 · Political Communication
67. Explaining the educational gradient in trust in politicians: a video-vignette survey experiment
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68. Analysing the role of traffic volume as mediator in transport policy evaluation with causal mediation analysis and targeted learning
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69. Complementarity in alliances: How strategic compatibility and hierarchy promote efficient cooperation in international security
    J. Andrés Gannon · 2025 · American Journal of Political Science
70. Attitudes on the Size of Unemployment Benefits: Ideology and Numbers
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71. The proposer or the proposal? An experimental analysis of constitutional beliefs
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72. Ex-post evaluation of transport interventions with causal mediation analysis
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73. Slavery’s Legacy of White Carceral Advantage in the South
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74. Identifying culture as cause: Challenges and opportunities
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75. Rejoinder: Can We Weight Models by Their Probability of Being True?
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76. How do civilians assign blame and praise amidst civil conflict?
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77. Can Social Pressure Foster Responsiveness? An Open Records Field Experiment with Mayoral Offices
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78. Many Labs 5: Registered Replication of Förster, Liberman, and Kuschel’s (2008) Study 1
    Hans IJzerman, Ivan Ropovik, Charles R. Ebersole, Natasha Tidwell, Łukasz Markiewicz, Tiago Jessé Souza de Lima, Daniel Wolf, Sarah A. Novak, W. Matthew Collins, Madhavi Menon et al. · 2020 · Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science
79. Can ❤s Change Minds? Social Media Endorsements and Policy Preferences
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80. Estimating the Effect of Health Service Delivery Interventions on Patient Length of Stay: A Bayesian Survival Analysis Approach
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81. Country Risks and Brain Drain: The Emigration Potential of Japanese Skilled Workers
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82. Public Perceptions of Child Sexual Exploitation Abroad: A Vignette Experiment on the Influence of Social Distance
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83. Patient traits shape health-care stakeholders’ choices on how to best allocate life-saving care
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84. Conflicting Identities: Cosmopolitan or Anxious? Appreciating Concerns of Host Country Population Improves Attitudes Towards Immigrants
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85. Rage Against the Machine? Generative AI Use, Threat Perceptions, and Policy Preferences
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86. Preregistered Replication and Extension of “Moral Hypocrisy: Social Groups and the Flexibility of Virtue”
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87. Discovering Internal Validity Threats and Operational Concerns in Single-Case Experimental Designs Through Directed Acyclic Graphs
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88. Micro-foundations of the Quest for Status: Testing Self-Status Perception and the Multilateral Use of Force
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89. Filling the EU information deficit mitigates negative EU attitudes among the least knowledgeable. Evidence from a population-based survey experiment
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90. The Effect of Education on Support for International Trade: Evidence from Compulsory-Education Reforms
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91. Violence Against Politicians Drives Support for Political Violence Among (Some) Voters: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
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92. Where to place sensitive questions? Experiments on survey response order and measures of discriminatory attitudes
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93. Does One More Year Matter? Dosage Effect of the One-Village-One-Preschool Intervention in Rural China
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94. The Revolving Door in Judicial Politics: Former Clerks and Agenda Setting on the U.S. Supreme Court
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95. Reconsidering reconsent: Threats to internal and external validity when participants reconsent after debriefing
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96. Randomization, design and analysis for interdependency in aging research: no person or mouse is an island
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97. How Forced Switches Reveal Switching Costs: Evidence from the Loan Market
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98. Foreign Military Training and Socialization: An Examination of Human Capital and Norm Transmission Between Allies
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99. Sincere, Strategic, or Something Else? The Impact of Ranked-Choice Voting on Voter Decision Making Processes
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100. The Pitfalls of List Experiments in Conflict Zones
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