Subjective Well‐Being and Health Behaviors in 2.5 Million Americans
Abstract
Background: Happiness and health behavior are positively related, but most existing research does not distinguish between conceptually and empirically distinct components of subjective well‐being—satisfaction with life, positive affect, and negative affect. Method: We assessed the associations of each component of subjective well‐being and health behavior, such as exercising and not smoking, in a broad, representative sample of nearly 2.5 million respondents from the USA in the Gallup Daily Poll. Results: We found that both life satisfaction and positive affect, but not negative affect, are unique predictors of health behavior, even after controlling for a wide range of variables, including demographics, chronic illness, daily stress and pain, and other relevant factors. Positive affect was linearly related to health behavior, while life satisfaction showed an association only for individuals relatively satisfied with their lives (but not for those dissatisfied with their lives). These associations were not moderated by various factors, occurring across gender and age, personal resources like time and money, and environmental affordances such as access to fresh food and safe places to exercise. Conclusions: The relationship between well‐being and health behavior is robust and generalisable in a large cross‐section of the US population.
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Findings are relatively consistent across studies and evident for multiple facets of positive psychological health, although effect sizes are modest.
“Findings are relatively consistent across studies and evident for multiple facets of positive psychological health, although effect sizes are modest. 54,141-143”
From Psychological Health, Well-Being, and the Mind-Heart-Body Connection: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2021) · cites this paper as [141]
In a recent cross-sectional study of 2.5 million people, those with higher positive affect or high life satisfaction were more likely to engage in healthy lifestyle behaviors such as exercising and not smoking.
“In a recent cross-sectional study of 2.5 million people, those with higher positive affect or high life satisfaction were more likely to engage in healthy lifestyle behaviors (eg, exercising, not smoking). 141”
From Psychological Health, Well-Being, and the Mind-Heart-Body Connection: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2021) · cites this paper as [141]
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- Authors
- Kushlev, K., Drummond, D. M., & Diener, E.
- Affiliations
- Georgetown University (US)
- University of Utah (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kushlev, Kostadin
- Venue
- Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-09-03
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 166-187
- ISSN
- 1758-0846 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-0854
- OpenAlex
- W2972226907
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 15.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Keywords
- subjective well-being, life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, health behavior, physical activity, smoking, happiness, chronic disease, daily stress, pain, access to fresh food, United States population
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Happiness, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personal Satisfaction, United States, Health Behavior, Exercise, Young Adult
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