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Cited by 47Global Cancer Incidence and ScreeningWomen's cancer prevention and managementDigital Radiography and Breast Imaging

Health and health belief factors associated with screening and help‐seeking behaviours for breast cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the European evidence

Grimley, Catherine E., Kato, Pamela M., Grunfeld, Elizabeth A.·2020·British Journal of Health Psychology
DOI 10.1111/bjhp.12397
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Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this systematic review was to identify health or health belief factors associated with mammography attendance or with self‐initiated medical help‐seeking for breast cancer symptoms among women in Europe. Methods: Five databases were searched for articles published between 2005 and 2018. Meta‐analyses were conducted for 13 factors related to screening attendance and two factors associated with help‐seeking behaviour. Where there were too few studies to include in the meta‐analysis, a narrative synthesis was undertaken. Results: Sixty‐five studies were included. Never having had cervical screening ( d = −.72, p < .001) and higher perceived barriers to mammography ( d = −.40, p < .001) were associated with lower levels of screening attendance. Possessing health insurance ( d = .49, p < .001), greater perceived benefits ( d = .31, p < .001) and motivation ( d = .36, p = .003) towards screening, and higher perceived seriousness ( d = .24, p = .019) and susceptibility ( d = .20, p = .024) towards breast cancer were associated with a higher level of screening attendance. Presenting with a non‐lump symptom was associated with a longer time to presentation ( d = .32, p < .001). The narrative synthesis revealed that previous benign breast disease was associated with a higher level of screening attendance but with a longer time to presentation. Conclusions: The review identified key similarities in factors associated with screening and help‐seeking behaviours which offer scope for combined interventions aimed at women that target both behaviours. Furthermore, the review highlighted that fewer studies have focused on help‐seeking behaviour, despite two thirds of breast cancer cases being self‐detected. Future research should further examine predictors of help‐seeking behaviour including a focus on modifiable factors, such as BMI, and physical activity.

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Grimley, C. E., Kato, P. M., & Grunfeld, E. A.
Affiliations
  • Coventry University (GB)
  • P. M. Kato Consulting Mountain View California USA
  • University of London (GB)
Corresponding author
Grimley, Catherine E.
ORCID
Venue
British Journal of Health Psychology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2019-12-26
Volume
25
Issue
1
Pages
107-128
ISSN
  • 1359-107X (ISSN-L)
  • 2044-8287
DOI
10.1111/bjhp.12397
OpenAlex
W2998041334
Cited by
47
References
8
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3
FWCI
0.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • British Journal of Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London) (acceptedVersion)
Funders
Coventry University
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Women's cancer prevention and management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging
Keywords
breast cancer screening, help-seeking, Health Belief Model, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, health insurance, cervical cancer screening, benign breast disease, time to presentation, breast cancer symptoms, women
MeSH terms
Help-Seeking Behavior, Adult, Breast Neoplasms, Europe, Female, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Mammography, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Motivation, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Databases, Factual, Early Detection of Cancer

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