The role of behavioral science theory in development and implementation of public health interventions
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that public health and health-promotion interventions that are based on social and behavioral science theories are more effective than those lacking a theoretical base. This article provides an overview of the state of the science of theory use for designing and conducting health-promotion interventions. Influential contemporary perspectives stress the multiple determinants and multiple levels of determinants of health and health behavior. We describe key types of theory and selected often-used theories and their key concepts, including the health belief model, the transtheoretical model, social cognitive theory, and the ecological model. This summary is followed by a review of the evidence about patterns and effects of theory use in health behavior intervention research. Examples of applied theories in three large public health programs illustrate the feasibility, utility, and challenges of using theory-based interventions. This review concludes by identifying cross-cutting themes and important future directions for bridging the divides between theory, practice, and research.
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Many interventions fail to explicitly incorporate theoretical frameworks in their design.
“However, our findings, along with other studies, indicate that many interventions fail to explicitly incorporate theoretical frameworks in their design.35 36”
From Public-targeted interventions addressing antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use in Sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as [36]
Tsekleves et al (2023) incorporated elements of behaviour change models like the transtheoretical model and the theory of planned behaviour.
“For example, Tsekleves et al (2023) in their study incorporated elements of behaviour change models like the transtheoretical model and the theory of planned behaviour.36”
From Public-targeted interventions addressing antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use in Sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as [36]
There is increased recognition of the need for systematic and extensive application of theory to the design of interventions.
“There is increased recognition of the need for systematic and extensive application of theory to the design of interventions [18, 55–59]; this is reflected, for example, in the UK Medical Research Council’s framework for designing and evaluating complex interventions [21] and the Intervention Mapping framework [60] for planning health promotion programmes.”
Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) share data across states and represent a policy tool targeted toward providers, the broadest level of intervention in the socio-ecological model.
“Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) (187) share data across states and represent a policy tool targeted toward providers, the broadest level of intervention in the socio-ecological model (188, 189).”
From A Biopsychosocial Overview of the Opioid Crisis: Considering Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Health (2019) · cites this paper as [188]
The BPS Perspective draws its conceptual roots from socio-ecological models including Ecosocial Theory.
“This single cohesive framework considers the interdependency of the entire system, drawing its conceptual roots from socio-ecological models (188, 189) including Ecosocial Theory (23).”
From A Biopsychosocial Overview of the Opioid Crisis: Considering Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Health (2019) · cites this paper as [188]
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- Authors
- Glanz, K., & Bishop, D. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Minnesota Department of Health (US)
- ORCID
- Glanz, Karen
- Venue
- Annual Review of Public Health
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2010-03-01
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 399-418
- ISSN
- 0163-7525 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2093
- OpenAlex
- W2122295735
- Cited by
- 2,336
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 101 · 2025: 135 · 2024: 172 · 2023: 186 · 2022: 235 · 2021: 266 · 2020: 269 · 2019: 148 · 2018: 166 · 2017: 135 · 2016: 139 · 2015: 128 · 2014: 87 · 2013: 72 · 2012: 55
- FWCI
- 5.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Public Health Policies and Education
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Keywords
- theory-based intervention, health behavior change, public health interventions, health promotion, Health Belief Model, transtheoretical model, social cognitive theory, ecological model, theory-practice gap, intervention design
- MeSH terms
- Behavioral Sciences, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Health Behavior, Public Health Practice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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