Principles for the socially responsible use of conservation monitoring technology and data
Open accessAbstract
Wildlife conservation and research benefits enormously from automated and interconnected monitoring tools. Some of these tools, such as drones, remote cameras, and social media, can collect data on humans, either accidentally or deliberately. They can therefore be thought of as conservation surveillance technologies (CSTs). There is increasing evidence that CSTs, and the data they yield, can have both positive and negative impacts on people, raising ethical questions about how to use them responsibly. CST use may accelerate because of the COVID‐19 pandemic, adding urgency to addressing these ethical challenges. We propose a provisional set of principles for the responsible use of such tools and their data: (a) recognize and acknowledge CSTs can have social impacts; (b) deploy CSTs based on necessity and proportionality relative to the conservation problem; (c) evaluate all potential impacts of CSTs on people; (d) engage with and seek consent from people who may be observed and/or affected by CSTs; (e) build transparency and accountability into CST use; (f) respect peoples' rights and vulnerabilities; and (g) protect data in order to safeguard privacy. These principles require testing and could conceivably benefit conservation efforts, especially through inclusion of people likely to be affected by CSTs.
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Current guidelines urge researchers to minimize disturbance, engage local communities, and apply necessity and proportionality tests before deploying ARUs.
“Current guidelines urge researchers to minimize disturbance, engage local communities, and apply necessity and proportionality tests before deploying ARUs (Sandbrook et al. 2021; Teixeira et al. 2024).”
From Listening forward: emerging roles of bioacoustics in ecology, evolution, and conservation (2026) · cites this paper as Sandbrook et al. 2021
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- Authors
- Sandbrook, C., Clark, D., Toivonen, T., Simlai, T., O'Donnell, S., Cobbe, J., & Adams, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- University of Saskatchewan (CA)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Fauna and Flora International (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Clark, Douglas
- Venue
- Conservation Science and Practice
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-03-03
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 5
- ISSN
- 2578-4854 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3135532769
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10
- FWCI
- 6.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Conservation Science and Practice (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion)
- Graduate Institute Geneva Institutional Repository (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies) (submittedVersion)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Apollo (cc-by)
- Apollo
- Funders
- Genome Canada
- Osk. Huttusen säätiö
- University of Saskatchewan
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Conservation, Ecology, Wildlife Education
- Keywords
- responsible technology use, privacy, data protection, informed consent, transparency and accountability, unmanned aerial vehicles, remote cameras, social media, COVID-19 pandemic, human rights
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