Longitudinal relationship between diabetes‐specific emotional distress and follow‐up HbA1c in adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Open accessAbstract
Aim: To examine whether diabetes‐specific emotional distress was related to follow‐up glycaemic control in adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus completed the Diabetes Distress Scale and reported sociodemographic information when attending a clinical consultation at a university endocrinology unit. Blood samples to determine baseline HbA 1c were taken during consultations. All respondents' HbA 1c measurements registered from January 2009 to December 2011 were collected from medical records. The relationship between baseline diabetes‐specific emotional distress and HbA 1c was examined with linear mixed‐effects models in 175 patients with complete data. Results: After controlling for confounders, baseline diabetes‐specific emotional distress and glycaemic control were significantly associated (fixed‐effect coefficient 0.40, P < 0.001) and the regimen‐related distress subscale had the strongest association with glycaemic control (fixed‐effect coefficient 0.47, P < 0.001). The two‐item measure of diabetes‐specific distress had a weaker but still significant association with glycaemic control (fixed‐effect coefficient 0.31, P < 0.001). None of these relationships was significant after adjusting for the baseline HbA 1c. Conclusions: People with elevated baseline diabetes‐specific emotional distress are at risk of prolonged suboptimum glycaemic control; therefore, elevated diabetes‐specific emotional distress, especially regimen‐related distress, might be an important marker for prolonged suboptimum glycaemic control, and might indicate a need for special attention regarding patient self‐management.
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Those prior studies did not find that baseline distress predicted changes in management outcomes over time or management at follow-up after controlling for baseline levels.
“However, neither of these studies found prospective associations where baseline distress predicted changes in management outcomes over time, or predicted management at follow-up after controlling for baseline levels.”
From Diabetes distress is linked with worsening diabetes management over time in adults with type 1 diabetes (2017) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Strandberg, R. B., Graue, M., Wentzel‐Larsen, T., Peyrot, M., Thordarson, H. B., & Rokne, B.
- Affiliations
- Høgskolen i Bergen (NO)
- Haukeland University Hospital (NO)
- Loyola University Maryland (US)
- Corresponding author
- Strandberg, R. B.
- Venue
- Diabetic Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-05-18
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1304-1310
- ISSN
- 0742-3071 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-5491
- PMC
- PMC4676291
- OpenAlex
- W1847951136
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 4.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetic Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, glycemic control, HbA1c, Diabetes Distress Scale, regimen-related distress, patient self-management
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Depression, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Emotions, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Stress, Psychological, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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